Based on the proposal of “dual carbon” goal,and the current energy structure of “limited gas and oil,but relatively abundant coal resources”,the development of directly catalyzing synthesis gas for the production of higher alcohols conforms to the major strategic of China.The research and utility of the catalysts is the key and difficult point in the development of this technology.Thus,this article provides a review on the synthesis gas to higher alcohols reaction and its catalysts.The existing production processes,catalyst types,and factors affecting catalyst performance are summarized systematically to explore the direction for direct synthesis of higher alcohols from syngas in the future.

Exploiting the natural abundance and cost-effectiveness of clay minerals,particularly kaolinite,offers vast potential in the realm of functional catalyst carrier materials.Their abundance of surface groups and active hydroxyl moieties act as a catalytic hotbed.The unique lamellar structure of kaolinite further enhances its functionality,allowing for tailored modifications.This review delves into the extensive applications of kaolinite-based composite catalytic materials across diverse catalytic fields,encompassing photocatalysis,petroleum catalytic cracking,electrocatalysis,and thermal catalysis.Lastly,the review concludes with a prognosis on the evolving role of kaolinite-based catalytic materials in environmental purification.

In this paper,the coupling reaction of methanol and butene on ZSM-5 molecular sieve was studied,and it was found that the coupling reaction showed different characteristics at different temperatures.The high temperature above 350 ℃was conducive to the formation of light olefins such as ethylene and propylene,while the low temperature was more conducive to the formation of long chain hydrocarbons.At 250 ℃ and lower temperatures,almost no hydrocarbon products were generated from methanol feed alone,showing a significant reaction induction period.Adding different concentrations of butene can greatly increase the methanol conversion and shorten the reaction induction period.However,with the increase of butylene concentration,the methanol conversion increased first and then decreased with the reaction time.The higher the butylene concentration,the faster the change rate.The organic species retained in the catalyst after reaction are mainly polymethylbenzenes,and the coke deposition is closely related to the amount of butene added,indicating that the formation of coke species is mainly related to the further transformation of the olefin/methanol coupling products,and the formation of these species greatly affects the product distribution of the coupling reaction,reflecting the complexity of the methanol conversion reaction mechanism.It also provides a possible way to further regulate the distribution of olefin products.

In the present work,Mo-In₂O₃ catalysts were prepared by doping molybdenum oxide (MoO₃) into indium oxide (In₂O₃) by an impregnation method.Combining with HZSM-5,Mo-In₂O₃/HZSM-5 were used to catalytic synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) from CO₂ in one-step.The results showed that a unique solid solution structure was formed in the Mo-In₂O₃ catalyst,which brought higher catalytic activity.Under the reaction conditions of 260 ℃ and 5.0 MPa,the Mo-In₂O₃/HZSM-5 catalyst achieved 24.56% CO₂ conversion and 56.09% DME selectivity,and the DME yield was enhanced by 3.2-fold compared with that of the In₂O₃/HZSM-5 catalyst.The doping of MoO₃ significantly improves the surface structure of the catalytic system and increases the specific surface area and dispersion of In₂O₃,thus bringing more active sites to the surface of the catalyst.At the same time,MoO₃ can inhibit the excessive reduction of In₂O₃,control the concentration of oxygen vacancies in the catalytic system,and significantly enhance the adsorption and activation ability of In₂O₃ to CO₂.

Methane anaerobic aromatization (MDA) is considered as a promising industrial pathway for methane utilization,offering a single-step conversion of methane into high-value products like benzene and toluene.However,the formidable energy barrier posed by the methane C—H bond presents a challenge for catalysts to activate methane efficiently at low temperatures.Moreover,catalysts often suffer from deactivation due to carbon deposition during high-temperature MDA reactions,which hampers the widespread industrial adoption of MDA.To address these challenges,this study explored the preparation of catalysts by mixing Mo/HZSM-5 with a hydrogen storage alloy (CN-3) for MDA.This approach synergistically couples methane dehydrogenation with dehydrogenation process to facilitate methane activation and enhance benzene production even at low temperatures.The performance of the catalyst was optimized by varying the preparation methods of Mo/HZSM-5 and CN-3 (e.g., mechanical grinding,ball milling, or impregnation) along with adjusting Mo content.The results indicate that the mechanical mixing method proves superior in maintaining the original morphology and performance of CN-3 alloy and Mo/HZSM-5 samples,thereby resulting in optimal catalytic activity of prepared catalysts for MDA.With this method,the addition of CN-3 increased the methane conversion in the MDA reaction from 13.5 % to 22.9 %,and the benzene production rate increased from 28.7 μmol·(min·g)^-1 to 52.3 μmol·(min·g)^-1.

The causes for the bed sludge formation of the low-temperature chloride removal adsorbent for reforming hydrogen were explored,and the influence of the hydroscopicity of the active component on its structure and mechanical strength were studied.Alumina-based chloride removal adsorbents and bimetallic oxide chloride removal adsorbents were successfully developed,and characterized using XRD,XRF and nitrogen adsorption methods.Catalyst performance was tested in a small-scale experimental apparatus.The experimental data show that the chloride removal adsorbents is comparable to similar foreign chloride removal adsorbents in terms of both structure and performance indexes.The two newly developed dechlorinating agents for low-temperature dechlorination of reforming hydrogen have good dechlorination accuracy,which can effectively solve the problems of short service life,increased resistance drop,and difficult unloading caused by bed mud and agglomeration during the use of dechlorinating agents.They can also effectively solve the problem of ammonium salt crystallization blockage in the rear system.

NaY molecular sieve was modified with silver nitrate solution to improve the performance of AgY adsorbent for thiophene removal from natural gas.The effects of Ag content on the structure of AgY,crystal phase and the removal of thiophene were studied by characterization and evaluation of adsorbents.The results showed that the surface area and pore volume of AgY molecular sieve modified by silver nitrate were decreased,but the molecular sieve skeleton structure was not destroyed.With the increase of the concentration of ion exchange solution,the Ag content in the molecular sieve gradually increased.When the concentration of ion exchange solution was 0.2 mol·L^-1, the mass fraction of Ag₂O in the molecular sieve was 18.25%,and the ion exchange selectivity coefficient between Ag⁺ and Na⁺ was 16.2.The results of thiophene removal evaluation showed that with the increase of Ag⁺ content in the molecular sieve,the breakthrough time of thiophene gradually increased,and the breakthrough sulfur capacity gradually increased,but the increasing trend gradually became slow.When the concentration of ion-exchange solution was 0.2 mol·L^-1, AgY molecular sieve had the best performance with breakthrough time of 183 h and breakthrough sulfur capacity of 1.32%(mass fraction).

Ni/SiO₂ catalyst was prepared by traditional co-precipitation using sodium silicate and silica sol as silicon sources,and nickel nitrate as nickel source.The study showed that modification with ethylene glycol effectively reduced the condensation of hydroxyl groups (Ni-O-Ni) during drying or roasting and therefore reduced the agglomeration of Ni active components.The catalyst modified with ethylene glycol had the characteristics of large specific surface area,large pore structure,the stronger interaction force between the Ni active metal and the carrier.The finer particle size of Ni metal,the higher dispersion of the active components and more active sites were exposed as shown by the characterization results of N₂ adsorption-desorption,H₂-TPR,XRD,H₂-TPD and SEM.Hydrogenation performance of C₅ petroleum resin showed that the performance of catalyst modified with ethylene glycol was significantly improved.

The “dual carbon” goal has led to increased attention on hydrogen energy,which is a clean,low-carbon and sustainable energy source that produces zero emissions.MgH₂ is an ideal material for solid-state hydrogen storage due to its excellent hydrogen storage performance.However,its hydrolysis reaction rate in pure water is lowless than 20% in the first minute and below 30% after ten minutes.The efficiency of hydrogen production through hydrolysis needs improvement.To improve reaction efficiency,we investigated the catalytic effects and mechanism of ferric sulfate.Continuous dehydrogenation experiments were conducted,revealed that a 0.7 mol·L^-1 ferric sulfate solution achieved hydrolysis efficiency of 75.41% after one minute and 98.36% after ten minutes.The mechanism showed that Fe³⁺ binds with OH^- to inhibit Mg(OH)₂ formation,while S {O_4}^{2-} enhances surface morphology,facilitating hydrogen release.This research lays the groundwork for using solid hydrogen storage materials in high-power electrical devices like hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

In order to improve catalyst activity meanwhile to reduce the precious metal usage,a nonuniformity hydrophobic catalyst is prepared by impregnation and hydrogen reduction method with pretreated SDB (Polystyrene divinylbence) resin using competitive adsorbent.The investigation results of the catalysts from SEM and EDS show typical characteristic of eggshell type.Compared to the uniformity catalyst,the active component Pt of the new catalyst exists in the surface as 0.12 mm depth.As the special distribution condition,the precursor chloroplatinic acid has been fully reduced to Pt metal by hydrogen from XPS results.The Pt utilization efficiency and catalytic performance of the nonuniformity catalyst are improved significantly compared with conditional unifrom catalyst.

The strength development of bonded catalysts is influenced by various factors such as raw materials,curing temperature and humidity,curing methods,and curing time.This study investigated the strength changes of bonded catalysts using different cement types and contents under various curing methods and durations.The results revealed significant differences in catalyst strength before and after curing,with steamer curing being the most effective and easiest to operate.Longer curing times led to increased strength enhancement,with optimal results achieved after (6~8) h of steaming.Additionally,adjusting cement content and implementing timely curing measures during the early mixing stage further improved catalyst strength.These findings provide a theoretical basis for recommending curing methods for bonded catalysts,optimizing their performance in various applications.

The effect of catalyst preactivation on the hydroformylation of 1-octene in homogeneous Rh/diphosphine catalyst system has been investigated in terms of preactivation temperature,preactivation time and preactivation atmosphere.The results show that the preactivated catalyst is beneficial to improve the conversion and selectivity and thus increase the aldehyde yields.However,when the preactivation temperature exceeded 70 ℃ and the preactivation time was 20 min,the aldehyde selectivity would decrease.In addition,preactivation in the syngas atmosphere is conducive to the formation of catalyst active centers.

Due to the unique pore structure and excellent performance,porous ceramics have broad application in moisture sensitivity,gas sensitivity,filtration,sound absorption,heat insulation and catalytic carrier,especially in the field of environmental catalysis.Compared with catalyst powder alone,the supported porous ceramic catalysts have the advantages of large specific surface area,high catalytic activity,easy recovery,high carrier strength and corrosion resistance,which has become a research focus in recent years.The research progress of porous ceramics in catalytic treatment of volatile organic compounds,automobile exhaust gas,flue gas,printing and dyeing wastewater,and other organic wastewater degradation was reviewed,and the problems and development trends were prospected.

Catalytic transformations of syngas into high value chemicals is of great significance for improving the efficiency of carbon resource utilization.This review highlights the latest developments and challenges in direct synthesis of olefins and aromatics from syngas.The content covers the active site design,product distribution regulation,C—O activation and C—C coupling.In the future,the effective regulation of product selectivity can be realized by controlling the efficient synergy between activation of C—O and C—C coupling,and precise control of carbon chain termination behavior.

Metal nanoclusters have attracted widespread attention in electronic structure,optics,electronics,magnetism,catalysis and other fields due to their unique quantum size effects and electron confinement effects.The surface protective ligands not only play the role of coordination protection,but also have important effects on the structure and physicochemical properties of metal nanoclusters.In addition to the most common protective ligands such as sulfur and phosphine,metal nanoclusters anchored by organic carbon (organometallic nanoclusters) have become a focus of research for researcher due to their various coordination modes,strong reaction and catalytic activity.In this paper,organic carbon ligands are mainly divided into N-heterocyclic carbene ligands with single coordination sites and conjugated aromatic rings or olefin and alkynyl ligands with multiple coordination sites.The synthesis methods,structures and catalytic applications of organometallic nanoclusters anchored by organic carbon with definite structure are summarized,which has providing references for the further study of organic metal clusters.

1,1,2-Trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123,TrFE),as a novel hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerant,possesses an Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) of zero and a 100-year Global Warming Potential (GWP₁₀₀) value of merely 0.005,rendering it environmentally benign and suitable for diverse applications.This attribute has garnered substantial attention from scholars and experts worldwide.Notably,the catalytic cleavage of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) to yield HFO-1123 not only mitigates the greenhouse impact associated with HFC-134a, but also addresses the issue of its surplus production capacity.This article systematically reviews recent domestic and international advancements in the research on the dehydrofluorination of HFC-134a to synthesize HFO-1123,encompassing the categorization,discussion,and summarization of catalyst types,preparation methods,and diluent gases.The aim is to provide a comprehensive reference for future investigations into the dehydrofluorination of HFC-134a for the production of HFO-1123.

Efficient and acid stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts are crucial for the large-scale application of proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis technology coupled with renewable energy to produce green hydrogen.In this work,a series of iridium cobalt oxide catalysts with different iridium contents are prepared through a simple one-step molten salt thermal decomposition method followd by optimization.Electrochemical tests have shown that,compared with the rapid deactivation of cobalt oxide,the optimzied Ir_0.13Co_0.87O_x catalyst has an overpotential of only 270 mV at a current density of 50 mA·cm^-2,and can stably work for more than 50 h at a high current density of 100 mA·cm^-2.The study of structure-activity relationship shows that the uniform doping of iridium in the bulk lattice of cobalt oxide improves the stability of the catalyst and greatly reduces the impedance of charge transfer.At the same time,Ir replaces some of the tetrahedral coordinated Co²⁺ in Co₃O₄ with an average valence state slightly higher than +4,resulting in the catalyst surface prevails stable and high valence Ir⁴⁺ and Co³⁺ both in tetrahedral and octahedral form,hence greatly improving the activity and stability of the catalyst.This work reveals that the coordination structure and valence state of Ir in doped transition metal oxides play a crucial role in improving the OER activity and stability,hence provides a new solution for the development of efficient and stable low iridium based OER electrocatalysts working in acidic media.

Self-prepared θ and γ phase Al₂O₃ were used as supports to synthesize Pt-Ga/Al₂O₃ bimetallic catalysts via the incipient wetness impregnation method.The catalysts were characterized using XRD,N₂ adsorption-desorption,and NH₃-TPD techniques.The catalytic performance of these catalysts for the dehy-drogenation of methylcyclohexane was evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor.Results showed that the catalyst supported on θ-Al₂O₃ exhibited lower acidity,larger pore size,and more uniform dispersion of active metals.The addition of Ga as a promoter further improved the performance of the bimetallic catalyst,demonstrating excellent stability with a hydrogen evolution rate of 0.283 mol·(g_Pt·min)^-1 after 60 hours of continuous operation.

A series of alumina precursors were prepared by nitric acid method using NaAlO₂ as raw material,and α-Al₂O₃ was obtained by calcination at high temperature.The supported palladium catalyst was prepared by incipient impregnation and their performance of CO oxidation coupling to dimethyl oxalate was evaluated on a fixed bed reactor.The texture and surface properties of the samples was characterized by XRD,BET,SEM,NH₃-TPD and H₂-TPR.The results showed that the precursor was prepared at gelation temperature of 55 ℃,pH of 7.0,and NaAlO₂ concentration of 0.8 mol·L^-1.The α-Al₂O₃ carrier prepared by the precursor calcined at 1 200 ℃ has high specific surface area,suitable surface acidity,suitable pore size distribution and large porosity.On a palladium-based catalyst prepared with this support,the conversion rate of methyl nitrite (MN) was 87.4% and the selectivity of dimethyl oxalate (DMO) was 96.1% at 3 000 h^-1,130 ℃,and CO/MN ratio of 4:1.

In this paper,Ag/CuO/GO nanocomposites were synthesized by solution method.The peroxidase activity and kinetic stability of the composites were studied with 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as substrate.The antibacterial activity of the composites against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was studied by plate counting method.The results showed that the Ag/CuO/GO nanocomposites had good peroxidase activity,and their Michaelis constant for substrates TMB and H₂O₂ were lower than those of natural HPR peroxidase.In the process of antibacterial experiment,Ag/CuO/GO composites can catalyze H₂O₂ to produce hydroxyl radicals (·OH) with excellent bactericidal effects,thus significantly improving the antibacterial activity of the nanocomposites.

The effect of nano-aluminosilicate additives (halloysite,imogolite,and allophane) in hydroformylation of mixed butene in water-oil phase was studied.This reaction is catalyzed by an aqueous catalytic system,which is composed of acetylacetone rhodium dicarbonyl and triphenylphosphine trisulfonate sodium salt (TPPTS).The results show that nano-aluminosilicate additive can promote the formation of stable oil-water lotion.The catalyst can achieve effective interfacial catalytic effect in this stable oil-water lotion,which can significantly promote the conversion of mixed butene and normal/isomeric aldehyde ratio.After the reaction,the oil and water phases can be quickly separated in a short time after the aluminosilicate additives are removed by simple filtration,thus achieving efficient separation of the product from the catalyst.The study also found that adding inorganic salt additives such as ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate,ammonium chromate,and ammonium dichromate to the reaction can further enhance the catalytic activity.

Hierarchical SAPO-34 molecular sieves were successfully synthesized using non-toxic and cheap carbonated sugar (such as sucrose and starch) as hard template and characterized by XRD,N₂ adsorption-desorption and SEM.The effects of carbonated sugar hard template on the catalytic performance of hierarchical SAPO-34 molecular sieve were studied in a fixed bed reactor.The results showed that introduction of carbonated sugar hard template could increase the external specific surface area and mesoporous volume of SAPO-34 zeolites.Compared with traditional SAPO-34,hierarchical SAPO-34 molecular sieves exhibited significant superiority in the methanol-to-olefin(MTO) reaction,the catalytic lifetime was extended by more than two times,and the maximum selectivity of ethylene and propylene was increased by 5%.

Biomass is a resource-rich,environmentally friendly,renewable and cheap resource.There are many researches on catalytic cracking of biomass to produce bio-oil,but the industrial application of bio-oil to light olefin is still in the early stage of research and development.Improving the yield of light olefin is one of the core problems to be solved in the research process of bio-oil to light olefin.The deep catalytic cracking process of palm oil to light olefins was studied.The results showed that the yield of ethylene,propylene and butene were 7.62%,19.80% and 12.14% under the reaction temperature of 620 ℃ and the ratio of catalyst to oil 7.5 with PTO catalyst.With the increase of reaction temperature and the ratio of catalyst to oil,the conversion rate increases,the yield of ethylene and propylene increases,the yield of coke decreases,and the RON of gasoline increases.

The commercial application of self-developed THFS-2 catalyst in a 200,000 TPY deep catalytic cracking (DCC) unit in Yulin Refinery of Yanchang Oil Group is introduced.The physicochemical structure of THFS-2 hydrogenation catalyst was characterized by BET,XRD and H₂-TPR,and the reason of its high hydrogenation activity was revealed.The pilot experiment and the industrial application show that the THFS-2 hydrofining catalyst has excellent activity and stability in the treatment of deep catalytic cracking (DCC) gasoline with high sulfur,high nitrogen,high olefin,high diolefin and high aromatics.The product with mass fraction of sulfur and nitrogen less than 1.0 μg·g^-1 and value of bromine less than 0.5 gBr·(100g)^-1 can be produced.All the indexes are better than the requirements of aromatics extraction feed.Compared with the previous cycle reference agent,the average temperature of the reactor is reduced,the reaction temperature rise is stable and controllable,and the device can run stably for a long period.

The study of carbon dioxide(CO₂) hydrogenation to methanol is significant for China to alleviate the energy pressure and achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.In this reaction,the design and optimization of the catalyst are the essential elements in determining the CO₂ conversion and methanol selectivity.Alloy catalysts show extraordinary potential in promoting CO₂ activation and hydrogenation process due to their unique electronic structure and geometrical configuration.This review comprehensively surveys the advancements in solid-solution alloys and intermetallics,particularly Cu-based,In-based,Ga-based,and other emerging alloy systems,for heterogeneous catalysis of CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol.This paper also analyzes the current research strategies and ideas.It looks forward to the potential future directions and applications of alloy catalysts,aiming to provide valuable insights for researchers in related fields.

The large amount of waste plastics produced by human activities has brought serious pollution to the air,soil and sea in all fields.And even microplastics in the environment enter the human body through biological circulation,causing great harm to human health.According to the current recycling status of waste plastics,the research progress on several chemical recycling methods and new recycling processes for chemical recycling of waste plastics with sustainable development prospects were reviewed, mainly including solvolysis,hydrogenolysis,photocatalytic degradation.The catalytic degradation methods adapted to different types of waste plastics and the important role of various catalysts in the catalytic degradation reaction were summarized.And the catalytic efficiency of the main current catalysts was compared to provides a theoretical basis for the selection of effective catalysts and methods for the efficient degradation of waste plastics.

Polyoxometalates(POMs),as a type of multinuclear coordination polymer,have found extensive applications in catalysis,adsorption,and electrochemistry due to their unique structures and excellent physicochemical properties.However,the solubility of POMs in polar solvents has limited their application scope.To address this issue,researchers have developed POM-based composites.This review summarizes the latest research progress of POMs-based composites in the fields of biomass conversion,pollutant treatment,and electrochemistry.Studies have shown that these composites exhibit significant advantages in enhancing catalyst stability,promoting the transformation of biomass macromolecules,improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment and gas purification,and improving electrochemical performance.These achievements not only overcome the problem of POMs’ solubility but also provide new ideas and directions for technological innovation and applications in related fields.

On the basis of ZrO₂ catalyst doped with Si and La,this article introduces the pore forming agent polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) in different ways to regulate the acidity,alkalinity and pore properties of the catalyst,and improve the conversion and selectivity of the gas-phase selective dehydration of 1,4-butanediol(BDO) to prepare 3-buten-1-ol.Through X-ray diffraction(XRD) for phase analysis,and characterization results such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),NH₃ temperature programmed adsorption(NH₃-TPD),and CO₂ temperature programmed adsorption(CO₂-TPD),it can be seen that the pore forming agent PMMA can significantly improve the dispersion of Si and La elements,thereby enhancing the acidity and alkalinity of the corresponding catalyst.At the same time,characterization results such as N₂ physical adsorption-desorption curves and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) showed that the pore forming agent PMMA changed the microstructure of the catalyst,improved its performance,especially ZrO₂-DPM catalyst,and ultimately achieved a conversion of 85.36% for 1,4-butanediol and a selectivity of 64.56% for 3-buten-1-ol.

Cu-SAPO-34 molecular sieve catalyst was synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method.The Cu-SAPO-34 molecular sieve catalyst was modified by loading cerium element using low-cost morpholine as the template,and new complex Cu-TEPA as the copper source and co-template.Effects of calcination temperature,heating rate and Ce/Al ratio on catalytic performance of Cu-SAPO-34 molecular sieve in NO_x removal from diesel engine exhaust were studied,and the catalyst was characterized by XRD and N₂ adsorption-desorption.The results show that the loading of cerium element can effectively improve the catalytic performance of Cu-SAPO-34 molecular sieve catalyst.When the calcination temperature is 700 ℃,the heating rate is 5 ℃·min^-1,and the Ce/Al molar ratio is 0.06,the Cu/Ce-SAPO-34 catalyst has the highest NO_x removal efficiency of 89.6%.The structure,crystallinity,specific surface area and pore volume of the catalyst at this time are also relatively best.

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell,as a new type of energy conversion device with high energy density,friendly environment,fast starting speed rate at room temperature and long life,is the first choice of automobile power new energy battery.The catalyst is the key factor affecting the activation polarization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.In this study,mass fraction of 50%Pt/C catalyst was prepared by using acetophenone semicarbazone as modifier and tetrammineplatinum chloride as active component.The preferred catalyst has a specific mass activity of 217.64 mA·mg^-1 and an electrochemical active area of 87.63 m²·g^-1 for electrochemical activity test.After 30 000 cycles of durability test,the specific mass activity and the electrochemical active area have only declined by 11.57% and 15.63%,respectively.

MoS₂/ZnO composite photocatalyst was synthesized by hydrothermal method.The composition and morphology of as-prepared photocatalyst were tested by infrared spectroscopy,X-ray powder diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and UV diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.The results show that the lamellar MoS₂ is attached to the rod-like ZnO surface,and the light absorption capacity of the composite is enhanced to a certain extent in the visible region.For light irradiation of 120 min and the mass fraction amount of MoS₂ was 1.5%,the degradation efficiency of MoS₂/ZnO(MZ-3) for 15 mg·L^-1 tetracycline was up to 90.01%,which was higher than that of pure ZnO.Five cycle stability test experiments showed the stable photodegradation performance of the composite catalyst.

In this paper,the effect of Al₂O₃ carriers calcinated at different temperatures on Cr₂O₃/Al₂O₃ catalysts was investigated.The carriers and catalysts were analyzed and characterized by XRD,nitrogen adsorption and NH₃-TPD.The results show that the pore structure and surface acidity of the carriers were different when the calcination temperature of the carriers were different,which led to the different conversion,selectivity and stability of the catalysts.When the calcination temperature of the carrier was lower,the specific surface of the carrier was larger,the number of surface hydroxyl groups was higher,and the catalyst had higher conversion,lower selectivity and better stability for the isobutane reaction.When the calcination temperature of the carrier was higher,the specific surface of the carrier was smaller,and the number of surface hydroxyl groups was lower,and the catalyst had lower conversion,higher selectivity and worse stability for the isobutane reaction.

Three oxidizing catalysts were prepared by using Al₂O₃ as the carrier and regulating the content ratio of active components Co and Mo.On this basis,pre-sulfurized hydrotreating catalysts were prepared by introducing sulfurizing agent.At the same time,the desulfurization performance of the 2-4# catalyst with good performance in coke oven gas was investigated under different reaction conditions.The results showed that the best organic sulfur conversion was achieved at the CoO/MoO₃ mass ratio of 0.4,the reaction pressure of 2 MPa and the temperature of 350 ℃.Under the same preparation conditions,the organosulfur conversion of the ex-situ presulfurization catalyst was 1.69% higher than the in-situ presulfurization catalyst,and the catalyst was stable in long-term use,which is promising for market application.

Methanation of carbon dioxide is an effective way to convert and utilize carbon dioxide.In response to the low activity of carbon dioxide methanation catalysts,this article uses nickel as the active component and in-situ growth method to prepare a multi metal component high activity carbon dioxide methanation catalyst La₂NiCoO₆.Through SEM and BET characterization,it was found that adding La element can improve the dispersion and pore structure of nickel based catalysts,which is beneficial for enhancing their activity.The catalyst La₂NiCoO₆ was investigated under different process conditions,and it was found that the conversion of carbon dioxide was 91.21% and methane selectivity was 97.63% under the process conditions of reaction temperature 400 ℃,atmospheric pressure,gas space velocity 12 000 mL·(g·h)^-1,and n(H₂)∶n(CO₂)=4,indicating that the catalyst has high activity at low temperature.And the catalyst La₂NiCoO₆ still maintains relatively high activity and stability within a 300 hour activity cycle.

In order to broaden the source of ethylene cracking feedstock and reduce the diesel to gasoline ratio,hydro-upgrading of straight-run diesel to use it as ethylene cracking feedstock is one of the important ways.The hydro-upgrading catalyst of diesel is the key factor affecting the yield and properties of diesel.The catalysts with different active metal content were prepared,and the effects of catalysts at diffe-rent reaction temperatures on the yield and properties of upgraded diesel were investigated.The results show that the matching between the hydrogenation ability and ring opening ability of the catalyst can be increased while increasing the metal content of the catalyst.At the BMCI value ≤10,the yield of diesel upgraded by catalyst B can reach 57.3%,and the reaction temperature is 4 ℃ lower than that of catalyst A with low metal content.

A series of copper-silicon nanotubular catalysts(Cu-Si-NT) with different copper-silicon ratios were prepared by hydrothermal method and used in the biomass-based hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF) to 2,5-dimethylfuran(DMF),and the effect of copper-silicon ratio on the structure and hydrogenation performance of the catalyst was explored.The results of catalyst activity test showed that when molar ratio of Cu/Si was 1∶1,the highest catalytic activity was obtained with HMF conversion of 100%,DMF selectivity of 74.7% under the conditions of reaction temperature of 180 ℃,reaction time of 1 h,nitrogen pressure of 2 MPa,and isopropanol as solvent and hydrogen source.After 5 cycles,the reactivity of Cu-Si-NT catalyst did not decrease significantly,indicating that the catalyst had good catalyst stability.Through a series of characterization methods such as XRD,SEM/TEM and XPS,it was found that the catalyst had a nanotubular structure,and the precursor copper silicate was reduced to form a composite structure of Cu⁰/Cu⁺,which had high hydrogen transfer hydrogenation activity and stability.

The process flow and reaction mechanism of the MTBE unit of Sinopec Quanzhou Petrochemical Co.,Ltd.were presented briefly.The process parameters of the MTBE unit were studied using orthogonal experiments.The results showed that the optimal process parameters for the MTBE unit were etherification tower pressure of 0.52 MPa,reactor space velocity of 1.26 h^-1,and alcohol to olefin ratio of 1.30.Through experimental verification,the content of MSBE in MTBE products decreased from about mass fraction of 1.5% to below 0.6% after the optimization of process parameters.Replacing the original catalyst in etherification distillation column with CDM catalytic distillation module could effectively reduce the generation of MSBE.