With the rise of green chemistry,green low pollution and pollution-free solvents have attracted much attention.Deep Eutectic Solvents are considered as a new type of green solvents for ionic liquids,which have the advantages of low saturated vapor pressure,low melting point,non-toxic and environmental protection,degradability and low price,etc.The composition and types,preparation methods, physical and chemical properties(such as melting point,viscosity,surface tension,etc.) of deep eutectic solvents,as well as their applications in extraction and separation,biochemistry,electrochemistry,and other fields were reviewed.The current problems in the application of deep eutectic solvents and looks forward to future research directions were summarized.

Plastics have brought convenience to people’s lives but have also caused serious pollution,and the depletion of fossil energy has forced us to embark on the road of sustainable development.The high-value recycling of waste plastics is an effective way to solve the current energy shortage and environmental pollution.Plastic waste recycling methods include chemical method,energy recovery,recycling method and so on.Microwave-assisted pyrolysis in chemical recovery utilizes special interactions between electric fields and polymer molecules,which has potential advantages in plastic pyrolysis applications.This paper reviews the research status of microwave assisted pyrolysis (MAP) of plastics to obtain liquid oil,gas and other high value-added products.According to different kinds of waste plastics,microwave processing parameters,characteristics of microwave absorbent and the action of catalyst were analyzed,and the influencing factors on the distribution and quality of pyrolysis products were discussed in combination with the process method of microwave pyrolysis plastics to produce oil.

Succinic acid is an important biodegradable plastic monomer that can be synthesized through multiple routes.This article introduced the current market situations and various production routes of succinic acid,including biological fermentation,furfural oxidation,(double) carbonylation,and maleic anhydride hydrogenation,and their advantages and disadvantages were briefly analyzed.The effect factors for products distribution in the maleic anhydride hydrogenation process was emphasized under different systems such as gas phase,organic phase,and aqueous solution,as well as the latest research progress on related catalysts,including precious metal catalysts,non precious metal catalysts and so on.Finally,the future research and development direction of succinic acid were prospected,developing non-noble metal catalysts with superior performance,good stability,and low cost in aqueous-phase systems is the technological trend for the development of succinic acid (anhydride) industry in the future.

The large amount of waste plastics produced by human activities has brought serious pollution to the air,soil and sea in all fields.And even microplastics in the environment enter the human body through biological circulation,causing great harm to human health.According to the current recycling status of waste plastics,the research progress on several chemical recycling methods and new recycling processes for chemical recycling of waste plastics with sustainable development prospects were reviewed, mainly including solvolysis,hydrogenolysis,photocatalytic degradation.The catalytic degradation methods adapted to different types of waste plastics and the important role of various catalysts in the catalytic degradation reaction were summarized.And the catalytic efficiency of the main current catalysts was compared to provides a theoretical basis for the selection of effective catalysts and methods for the efficient degradation of waste plastics.

Cerium dioxide (CeO₂) has excellent oxygen storage and release properties,oxygen mobility and abundant surface defects,and is easy to form metal-carrier strong interaction to stabilize precious metal particles.As an active component and carrier catalyst,CeO₂ is widely used in the oxidation elimination of environmental pollutants.Single CeO₂ has poor catalytic activity and thermal stability.Loading,doping and composite methods are often used to regulate the surface interface properties and microstructure to improve its catalytic performance and thermal stability.In this paper,the surface interface regulation strategies and catalytic mechanisms of cerium based catalysts in recent years were reviewed,and the effects of interface effects and interionic synergies on catalytic oxidation of small molecular pollutants were analyzed.

Ethyl ether is a colorless,flammable,and uniquely odorous liquid with a wide range of uses.The dehydration of ethanol to ethyl ether has a wide source of raw materials and low price,but H₂SO₄ solution is usually used for catalysis,which leads to serious corrosion of equipment.The use of solid acid catalyst has low cost and low corrosion.The reaction mechanism of ethanol dehydration to ethyl ether was reviewed.The research progress of solid acid catalysts,including alumina catalyst,zeolite catalyst and transition metal oxide catalyst,was summarized,and their development direction was prospected.

With the continuous progress of polymerization process,the variety of polymer macromolecules containing unsaturated double bonds is becoming more and more abundant,and the hydrogenation modification of them is also becoming more and more important.The research progress of polymer hydrogenation catalysts,including Ziegler-Natta catalysts(Z-N catalysts),metallocene catalysts,noble metal complex cata-lysts,and non-homogeneous catalysts,is reviewed.The catalytic mechanism of the catalysts and factors affecting the catalytic activity are summarized,and the direction of their development is prospected.

In recent years,oxidative desulfurization (ODS) technology has garnered significant attention due to its efficient and thorough removal of sulfides from oil products.By utilizing the appropriate catalyst at specific temperature and pressure conditions,the oxidizer’s activity can be greatly enhanced,thereby achieving rapid sulfide elimination.Among various oxidation desulfurization systems,the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) system is favored for its environmental friendliness and high efficacy.This paper provides a comprehensive review on the latest advancements in ODS technology employing H₂O₂ as an oxidant and metal or non-metal materials as catalysts in the field of oxidative desulfurization.Future development directions of this field are also proposed.

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a high-efficiency power supply device using hydrogen energy,and its cathode iron-nitrogen-carbon(Fe-N-C) catalyst can effectively solve the problems such as high cost and difficult recovery of commercial platinum-based catalysts,and has broad application prospects.The activity and stability of Fe-N-C catalyst is superior to that of commercial Pt/C catalyst.The research background of Fe-N-C catalyst is briefly introduced.The influence of composition of Fe-N-C catalyst on performance in recent years is introduced from the aspects of precursor,support and auxiliary,and its development direction is prospected.

The study of carbon dioxide(CO₂) hydrogenation to methanol is significant for China to alleviate the energy pressure and achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.In this reaction,the design and optimization of the catalyst are the essential elements in determining the CO₂ conversion and methanol selectivity.Alloy catalysts show extraordinary potential in promoting CO₂ activation and hydrogenation process due to their unique electronic structure and geometrical configuration.This review comprehensively surveys the advancements in solid-solution alloys and intermetallics,particularly Cu-based,In-based,Ga-based,and other emerging alloy systems,for heterogeneous catalysis of CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol.This paper also analyzes the current research strategies and ideas.It looks forward to the potential future directions and applications of alloy catalysts,aiming to provide valuable insights for researchers in related fields.

As an important green energy,hydrogen energy is an important guarantee to achieve carbon neutrality and carbon peak.Anion exchange membrane electrolytic cell combines the advantages of alkaline electrolytic cell and proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell,and can use non-precious metal catalyst combined with renewable energy,which is expected to break the bottleneck of high cost of green hydrogen preparation.In this paper,the recent research progress on the stability of non-noble metal catalysts for water electrolysis by AEM is reviewed.The dissolution and degradation behavior of catalyst metals are discussed,and the mechanism of oxygen evolution reaction on catalysts is emphasized.

Cobalt-based catalysts are prone to aggregation and sintering at high temperatures,leading to insufficient understanding of their active centers.To address this issue,a novel CoLa bimetallic catalyst was designed in this study.By using the rare earth metal La to isolate and stabilize cobalt species,the catalytic activity was enhanced.By controlling the doping amount of La in the material,a correlation between different dispersion degrees and catalytic performance was established to gain insights into the active centers.Various characterization techniques including XRD,XPS,chemical adsorption,and probe molecule infrared spectroscopy were employed to analyze the form,chemical environment,and size of cobalt species in the catalyst.The results indicate that La promotes the dispersion of cobalt species and enhances the interaction between cobalt species and the support.

SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) is currently the mainstream nitrogen oxide (NO_x) removal technology.Commercial catalysts operate at high temperatures,typically between (250-350) ℃,making them difficult to apply in low flue gas temperatures.We have modified a monolithic V-series denitrification catalyst,which exhibits excellent denitrification performance at low temperatures.This article studied the low-temperature activity of the modified V-series NH₃-SCR denitrification catalyst and successfully applied it under actual flue gas conditions of (120-160) ℃.The stable operation time of the pilot test exceeded 10 months,and the outlet NO_x concentration could always meet the emission standards.The performance of the catalyst after operation was analyzed and explored.The pilot test verified the feasibility of the technical route and the reliability of the catalyst,and completed the demonstration work of the industrial plan,which has the conditions to carry out demonstration projects.

The processing raw material for the 2#4.0 Mt·a^-1 paraffin hydrocracking unit of Zhejiang Petrochemical Co.,Ltd. is straight run light paraffin oil from atmospheric and vacuum units.The main products include light naphtha,heavy naphtha,aviation kerosene,diesel oil and hydrogenated tail oil,among which heavy naphtha is the main raw material for the production of paraxylene(PX).In order to increase the production of heavy naphtha,this unit combines the actual production characteristics and deeply explores the production potential.The reaction conversion was increased from 75% to 89.8%,and the yield of heavy naphtha was increased from 23.99% to 33.14%.The substantial increase in heavy naphtha yield ensures the supply of raw materials in the continuous reforming unit,and then ensures the high yield and excellent yield of PX in the aromatics combined unit.At the same time,the yield changes of high value-added marine fuel oil and diesel products are relatively small,and the company's product structure has been significantly improved.

Exploiting the natural abundance and cost-effectiveness of clay minerals,particularly kaolinite,offers vast potential in the realm of functional catalyst carrier materials.Their abundance of surface groups and active hydroxyl moieties act as a catalytic hotbed.The unique lamellar structure of kaolinite further enhances its functionality,allowing for tailored modifications.This review delves into the extensive applications of kaolinite-based composite catalytic materials across diverse catalytic fields,encompassing photocatalysis,petroleum catalytic cracking,electrocatalysis,and thermal catalysis.Lastly,the review concludes with a prognosis on the evolving role of kaolinite-based catalytic materials in environmental purification.

The morphology of semiconductor catalyst is one of the important factors affecting the efficiency of photocatalytic decomposition of aquatic hydrogen.However,the influence of sacrificial agents in the reaction system is often ignored in most researches when discussing the effect of catalyst morphology.The CdS with good visible light activity was used as the research object to prepare the samples of nanoparticles,nanorods and nanosheets,and the hydrogen production efficiency of the CdS with different morphology was compared in the reaction system with sodium sulfide/sodium sulfite mixture,lactic acid and trieth-anolamine as the sacrifice agent.The experimental results showed that the hydrogen production efficiency of CdS nanosheets was 23.86 mmol·(g·h)^-1 when sodium sulfide/sodium sulfite mixture was used as sacrificant,which was much higher than that of the other two morphology samples.When the sacrificial agent was lactic acid or triethanolamine,the hydrogen production efficiency of CdS nanorods was the highest.

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell,as a new type of energy conversion device with high energy density,friendly environment,fast starting speed rate at room temperature and long life,is the first choice of automobile power new energy battery.The catalyst is the key factor affecting the activation polarization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.In this study,mass fraction of 50%Pt/C catalyst was prepared by using acetophenone semicarbazone as modifier and tetrammineplatinum chloride as active component.The preferred catalyst has a specific mass activity of 217.64 mA·mg^-1 and an electrochemical active area of 87.63 m²·g^-1 for electrochemical activity test.After 30 000 cycles of durability test,the specific mass activity and the electrochemical active area have only declined by 11.57% and 15.63%,respectively.

CeO₂-ZrO₂ mixed oxides are considered as one of the key components in the three-way catalysts for automotive exhaust purification.The increasingly strict emission regulations have brought much higher requitements regarding the thermal stability of CeO₂-ZrO₂ mixed oxides.In this work,CeO₂-ZrO₂ with excellent thermal stability were synthesized through co-precipitation method.The effect of synthesizing parameters including doping element,precursors,washing methods as well as ageing conditions on the specific surface area and thermal stability of the CeO₂-ZrO₂ samples were investigated.Results shown that CeO₂/ZrO₂/La₂O₃/Y₂O₃/Nd₂O₃ (CZLYN) samples prepared by using La-Y-Nd co-doping as the modified component,Ce(NH₄)₂(NO₃)₆ containing Ce⁴⁺ as the cerium precursor,washed with ethanol and aged in an ethanol environment for 12 h exhibited the optimal specific surface area and thermal stability.The specific surface can still maintain at 38 m²·g^-1 after 12 h thermal ageing at 1 050 ℃ using muffle furnace.The optimized CZLYN sample was further characterized and compared with one of the commercial CeO₂-ZrO₂ powder.Results showed that these two samples presented similar physical structure,grain size,pore size distribution and surface micro-morphology while the specific surface area of the optimized CZLYN sample was increased by about 60%.After thermal ageing at 1 050 ℃ using muffle furnace,the optimized CZLYN sample presented about 20% increase in the specific surface area of compared to the commercial CeO₂-ZrO₂ powder;after hydrothermal ageing,the optimized CZLYN samples still showed slightly higher specific surface area and about 30% increase in dynamic ox oxygen storage/release capacity,indicating its superior thermal stability.

Polyoxometalates(POMs),as a type of multinuclear coordination polymer,have found extensive applications in catalysis,adsorption,and electrochemistry due to their unique structures and excellent physicochemical properties.However,the solubility of POMs in polar solvents has limited their application scope.To address this issue,researchers have developed POM-based composites.This review summarizes the latest research progress of POMs-based composites in the fields of biomass conversion,pollutant treatment,and electrochemistry.Studies have shown that these composites exhibit significant advantages in enhancing catalyst stability,promoting the transformation of biomass macromolecules,improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment and gas purification,and improving electrochemical performance.These achievements not only overcome the problem of POMs’ solubility but also provide new ideas and directions for technological innovation and applications in related fields.

Hydrodesulfurization is an important technology for organic sulfur removal.Presulfurization is the process of converting the hydrogenation catalyst from the oxidation state to the active sulfurized state,which is a key treatment process for the hydrogenation catalyst.Elemental sulfur as a presulfiding agent is attracting extensive attention of researchers in recent years due to its advantages of non-toxicity and high sulfurization efficiency.This review summarizes the progress of research on elemental sulfur presulfurization catalysts,in order to provide reference for the development and application of hydrogenation catalyst presulfurization process.Firstly,the presulfurization mechanism of elemental sulfur sulfide hydrogenation catalysts was introduced,and the influencing factors of the presulfurization process were analyzed,including the amount of elemental sulfur introduced, presulfurization temperature,pressure,and time.Secondly,elemental sulfur as a presulfiding agent has advantages compared with other presulfiding agents,but there is a problem of easy sublimation during the presulfurization process.In response to this issue,a detailed introduction was provided on the impact of different introduction methods on the retention of elemental sulfur in catalysts.Subsequently,an overview was provided of the industrial applications of sulfur presulfurization hydrogenation catalysts both domestically and internationally.Finally,a summary was made and the future research direction of elemental sulfur presulfidation hydrogenation catalysts was prospected.It was proposed to further improve the sulfidation by studying the interaction and mechanism of elemental sulfur and metal oxides with the goal of obtaining active sulfides.This is the key to improving the presulfurization effect of elemental sulfur and subsequent catalytic hydrogenation activity performance.

Due to the unique pore structure and excellent performance,porous ceramics have broad application in moisture sensitivity,gas sensitivity,filtration,sound absorption,heat insulation and catalytic carrier,especially in the field of environmental catalysis.Compared with catalyst powder alone,the supported porous ceramic catalysts have the advantages of large specific surface area,high catalytic activity,easy recovery,high carrier strength and corrosion resistance,which has become a research focus in recent years.The research progress of porous ceramics in catalytic treatment of volatile organic compounds,automobile exhaust gas,flue gas,printing and dyeing wastewater,and other organic wastewater degradation was reviewed,and the problems and development trends were prospected.

Hydrogen storage and transport is of great significance to the development of hydrogen energy,and the research on metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) for hydrogen storage has grown significantly in recent years.The paper discusses and summarises the simulation and theoretical calculation of MOFs materials for hydrogen storage,database of hydrogen storage materials,high-throughput structure screening of MOFs materials for hydrogen storage and theoretical design of machine learning,etc.The paper also collates and elaborates the research ideas and progress of computational simulation methods in MOFs materials for hydrogen storage,which provides theoretical basis for promoting the rapid application of MOFs materials for hydrogen storage.

As a new large-scale energy storage technology,all vanadium redox flow battery has the advantages of high safety,adjustable power and capacity,long life,recyclable electrolyte and environment-friendly,but the solubility of vanadium ions in electrolytes is poor,which limits its large-scale application.The preparation of high concentration and high stability electrolyte is one of the key technologies of all vanadium redox flow battery.In this paper,the preparation method,concentration analysis and performance optimization of the electrolyte are introduced.

NH₃ selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology is a widely used method for eliminating nitrogen oxides (NO_x) from industrial emissions.The flue gas temperature emitted from large gas turbines,ships and diesel vehicles is often higher than 450 ℃,which requires catalysts with good catalytic activity, selectivity and stability under high temperature,so the development of high-temperature SCR catalysts is a challenging issue in the field of denitrification.The current research status of molecular sieve catalysts(Cu-based molecular sieve and Fe-based molecular sieve) and metal oxide catalysts under high-temperature catalytic denitrification conditions is reviewed,the catalytic performance and physicochemical characteristics of high-temperature SCR catalysts are analysed,and the key factors affecting the catalytic perf-ormance of high-temperature SCR catalysts are proposed.The challenges of current high-temperature SCR denitrification technology are summarised,while the future development direction is prospected.

Efficient and acid stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts are crucial for the large-scale application of proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis technology coupled with renewable energy to produce green hydrogen.In this work,a series of iridium cobalt oxide catalysts with different iridium contents are prepared through a simple one-step molten salt thermal decomposition method followd by optimization.Electrochemical tests have shown that,compared with the rapid deactivation of cobalt oxide,the optimzied Ir_0.13Co_0.87O_x catalyst has an overpotential of only 270 mV at a current density of 50 mA·cm^-2,and can stably work for more than 50 h at a high current density of 100 mA·cm^-2.The study of structure-activity relationship shows that the uniform doping of iridium in the bulk lattice of cobalt oxide improves the stability of the catalyst and greatly reduces the impedance of charge transfer.At the same time,Ir replaces some of the tetrahedral coordinated Co²⁺ in Co₃O₄ with an average valence state slightly higher than +4,resulting in the catalyst surface prevails stable and high valence Ir⁴⁺ and Co³⁺ both in tetrahedral and octahedral form,hence greatly improving the activity and stability of the catalyst.This work reveals that the coordination structure and valence state of Ir in doped transition metal oxides play a crucial role in improving the OER activity and stability,hence provides a new solution for the development of efficient and stable low iridium based OER electrocatalysts working in acidic media.

Metal nanoclusters have attracted widespread attention in electronic structure,optics,electronics,magnetism,catalysis and other fields due to their unique quantum size effects and electron confinement effects.The surface protective ligands not only play the role of coordination protection,but also have important effects on the structure and physicochemical properties of metal nanoclusters.In addition to the most common protective ligands such as sulfur and phosphine,metal nanoclusters anchored by organic carbon (organometallic nanoclusters) have become a focus of research for researcher due to their various coordination modes,strong reaction and catalytic activity.In this paper,organic carbon ligands are mainly divided into N-heterocyclic carbene ligands with single coordination sites and conjugated aromatic rings or olefin and alkynyl ligands with multiple coordination sites.The synthesis methods,structures and catalytic applications of organometallic nanoclusters anchored by organic carbon with definite structure are summarized,which has providing references for the further study of organic metal clusters.

Sodium m-aminobenzene sulfonate is an important intermediate in chemical industry.There are many methods for its preparation,and catalytic hydrogenation is the main method used at present.But its industrialization report is few.It is because of the deactivation of the catalyst in hydrogenation process,and it’s difficult for catalyst recycle leading to high industrialization cost.In this article,we use self-made Pd/C catalyst in hydrogenation reaction.The deactivation reasons of catalyst were explored by LC-QTOF-MS,XRD,XPS,and BET.The deactivation of Pd/C catalyst is because the sodium m-aminobenzene sulfonate was converted to azoic compound and azoxy compound,which could block the pore of carbon support due to strong adsorptivity.The reduce of catalyst specific surface area due to the above reason can result in temporary toxic deactivation of catalyst.The deactivation is not permanent caused by formation of palladium sulfide.

The hydrogenation of furfural and its derivatives to pentanediol has been widely recognized as a sustainable and green process.In this selective hydrogenation process,the design of highly active and selective catalysts plays a critical role.In this paper,the mechanism of metal-base and metal-acid catalytic reaction is introduced in detail according to acid-base properties of the support.This review describes the latest research progress of catalysts in the hydrogenation of furfural and its derivatives to pentanediol from catalyst support type point of view.And it discusses the effect of strong metal-support interaction between different carriers and metal on catalytic performance.At the same time,the current problems of such as the unclear catalytic mechanism and the inability to large scale production are pointed,and the adjustment of metal dispersion and acid-base properties of the support to further improve the catalytic performance should be the key points for future research.

A series of alumina precursors were prepared by nitric acid method using NaAlO₂ as raw material,and α-Al₂O₃ was obtained by calcination at high temperature.The supported palladium catalyst was prepared by incipient impregnation and their performance of CO oxidation coupling to dimethyl oxalate was evaluated on a fixed bed reactor.The texture and surface properties of the samples was characterized by XRD,BET,SEM,NH₃-TPD and H₂-TPR.The results showed that the precursor was prepared at gelation temperature of 55 ℃,pH of 7.0,and NaAlO₂ concentration of 0.8 mol·L^-1.The α-Al₂O₃ carrier prepared by the precursor calcined at 1 200 ℃ has high specific surface area,suitable surface acidity,suitable pore size distribution and large porosity.On a palladium-based catalyst prepared with this support,the conversion rate of methyl nitrite (MN) was 87.4% and the selectivity of dimethyl oxalate (DMO) was 96.1% at 3 000 h^-1,130 ℃,and CO/MN ratio of 4:1.

Magnetic nanocomposite photocatalysts have gained significant attention in the field of photocatalysis due to their efficient catalytic activity,recyclability,and stability.This article provides a comprehensive review of the preparation methods for magnetic nanocomposite photocatalysts,including the co-precipitation method,sol-gel method,hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis method,and chemical vapor deposition method.The focus is on analyzing the impact of doped type,core-shell structure type,and graphene oxide on the photocatalytic performance of magnetic composite nano-photocatalysts.The article also discusses the degradation mechanism of pollutants by composite photocatalysts and their application in wastewater treatment.Furthermore,it proposes improvement measures for the catalyst synthesis process and highlights potential future research directions for magnetic nanocomposite photocatalysts.

Ni/SiO₂ catalyst was prepared by traditional co-precipitation using sodium silicate and silica sol as silicon sources,and nickel nitrate as nickel source.The study showed that modification with ethylene glycol effectively reduced the condensation of hydroxyl groups (Ni-O-Ni) during drying or roasting and therefore reduced the agglomeration of Ni active components.The catalyst modified with ethylene glycol had the characteristics of large specific surface area,large pore structure,the stronger interaction force between the Ni active metal and the carrier.The finer particle size of Ni metal,the higher dispersion of the active components and more active sites were exposed as shown by the characterization results of N₂ adsorption-desorption,H₂-TPR,XRD,H₂-TPD and SEM.Hydrogenation performance of C₅ petroleum resin showed that the performance of catalyst modified with ethylene glycol was significantly improved.

Methylphenol is an important fine chemical intermediate,widely used in new materials,medicine,pesticides,spices,additives and other fields.The alkylation reaction of phenol and methanol has the advantages of high efficiency,environmental friendliness and high product purity,which is the most economical production process of methyl phenol.The reaction is divided into liquid phase and gas phase.The liquid phase reaction is mainly carried out in the kettle reactor,while the gas phase reaction is mainly carried out in the fixed bed reactor.The catalyst can be divided into oxide and molecular sieve systems.The multi-component composite oxide catalyst has ideal reaction performance and high ortho-selectivity,but the reaction temperature is high.Molecular sieve catalyst has certain advantages in shape selection,but it is easy to accumulate carbon and deactivate.The acid-alkalinity of the catalyst is an important index,and their synergistic effect directly affects the selectivity of C-alkylation,otherwise it will increase the selectivity of side reactions such as O-alkylation products.In order to meet the demand for high-performance products in the fields of new materials and electronic chemicals,it is still necessary to further develop high-performance phenol methylation catalysts to improve the competitiveness of related industries.

Alkyl anthraquinone is mainly used in the hydrogen peroxide production industry,and in recent years,with the development of related industries,its industrial demand has become increasingly large.At present,the main method for synthesizing alkyl anthraquinone in China is the phthalic anhydride method,which generates a large amount of waste acid and aluminum containing wastewater during the production process resulting in enormous environmental pressure.Solid acids can replace traditional aluminum trichloride and concentrated sulfuric acid in the reaction and greatly reduce the emission of pollutants.The research progress on solid acids in the catalytic synthesis of alkyl anthraquinone is reviewed.The applications of solid acids in the catalytic acylation,dehydration closed-loop and one-step reactions are introduced.The advantages and disadvantages of solid acids in the use process at present and future research directions are also pointed out.

As the third largest greenhouse gas followed by CO₂ and CH₄,N₂O has been increasing year by year due to its inevitable generation and emission in the processes of ammonia oxidation in nitric acid production,SCR purification of NO_x,and ammonia combustion.Therefore,the purification and elimination of N₂O are particularly crucial.Direct catalytic decomposition has emerged as one of the most promising methods for reducing N₂O emissions due to its high efficiency and no secondary pollution.This article first provides a detailed review of the research progress of N₂O decomposition catalysts in recent years,reviewing the practical application and future development trends of N₂O high-temperature decomposition catalysts (two-stage catalysts) in the nitric acid production,focusing on the research trends of three major types of N₂O low-temperature decomposition catalysts,such as precious metal catalysts,Co-based oxide catalysts,and Co or Fe-based molecular sieve catalysts,and summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of these catalysts.In addition,a simple discussion is provided on the decomposition mechanism of N₂O on typical Co and Fe-based catalysts.Selective catalytic reduction as one of the main technological routes for elimination of N₂O is also compared using different reducing agents such as CO,H₂,alkanes,etc.Finally,it identifies existing issues in current catalytic systems and outlines future prospects for N₂O catalytic decomposition.

Pregnenolone acetate is an important intermediate in the synthesis of progesterone drugs.The synthesis process is based on anhydrous ethanol as solvent,under the action of 5% Pd/C catalyst and H₂,the carbon-carbon double bond(C=C) in the structure of dienolone acetate is hydrogenated to produce pregnenolone acetate.The results showed that the optimum conditions for the synthesis of pregnenolone acetate were as follows:the amount of catalyst was 0.4 g,the reaction temperature was 45 ℃,the reaction time was 120 min,and the reactor speed was greater than 500 r·min^-1.The carrier was pretreated with 3% nitric acid,modified with 5% ammonium persulfate,and then modified with 2.5% magnesium chloride to produce a catalyst with the best reaction performance.

1,1,2-Trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123,TrFE),as a novel hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerant,possesses an Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) of zero and a 100-year Global Warming Potential (GWP₁₀₀) value of merely 0.005,rendering it environmentally benign and suitable for diverse applications.This attribute has garnered substantial attention from scholars and experts worldwide.Notably,the catalytic cleavage of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) to yield HFO-1123 not only mitigates the greenhouse impact associated with HFC-134a, but also addresses the issue of its surplus production capacity.This article systematically reviews recent domestic and international advancements in the research on the dehydrofluorination of HFC-134a to synthesize HFO-1123,encompassing the categorization,discussion,and summarization of catalyst types,preparation methods,and diluent gases.The aim is to provide a comprehensive reference for future investigations into the dehydrofluorination of HFC-134a for the production of HFO-1123.

The SAPO-34 molecular sieve was synthesized by hydrothermal method with triethylamine and morpholine as the template agent and tetraethylammonium chloride(TEAC) as the auxiliary template agent.The molecular sieve was characterized by XRD,SEM,NH₃-TPD,XRF and N₂ adsorption-desorption.The results showed that the amount of TEAC had significant effects on the particle size and acidity of the molecular sieve.When n(TEAC)∶n(Al₂O₃)=0.6,the product was pure SAPO-34 molecular sieve.When n(TEAC)∶n(Al₂O₃) increased to 0.8, the particle size of SAPO-34 molecular sieve decreased to about 1.2 μm,and the molecular sieve particle size remained basically unchanged with the further increase of TEAC dosage,and the amount of medium and strong acid in the molecular sieve was the highest at this time.In the methanol to olefin reaction,the life of the molecular sieve catalyst was 180 min,and the selectivity of ethylene and propylene reached 85.41%.

Rh/CPOL-BP1&PPh₃ catalyst was prepared using acetyl acetone dicarbonyl rhodium as metal precursor,and new type of bisphosphine copolymer CPOL-BP1&PPh₃ as support.The catalyst was characterized by TEM,BET,XPS and FT-IR.The results showed that the catalyst had a large specific surface area and abundant microporous mesoporous structure.Rh atoms were distributed on the support at (20~40) nm spacing.The optimum reaction conditions were reaction pressure 1.0 MPa,reaction temperature 100 ℃,ethylene flow rate 1 L·h^-1,and ethylene conversion up to 95%.The yield of propanal remained unchanged after 400 h of TOS,and the catalyst had good stability.

The hydrogenation of unsaturated compound is an important process of chemical processing that is widely used in the fields of oil refining,medicine,flavor,and so on.Heterogeneous catalytic reactions with porous organic polymers(POPs) as catalyst supporters possess the advantages of recyclable catalysts and mild reaction condition.The recent progress of POPs in olefins hydrogenation,alkyne hydrogenation,aldehyde-ketone hydrogenation,aromatic ring substitution hydrogenation and CO₂ hydrogenation was summ-arized.The challenges and future development directions were also put forward.