With the rise of green chemistry,green low pollution and pollution-free solvents have attracted much attention.Deep Eutectic Solvents are considered as a new type of green solvents for ionic liquids,which have the advantages of low saturated vapor pressure,low melting point,non-toxic and environmental protection,degradability and low price,etc.The composition and types,preparation methods, physical and chemical properties(such as melting point,viscosity,surface tension,etc.) of deep eutectic solvents,as well as their applications in extraction and separation,biochemistry,electrochemistry,and other fields were reviewed.The current problems in the application of deep eutectic solvents and looks forward to future research directions were summarized.

Succinic acid is an important biodegradable plastic monomer that can be synthesized through multiple routes.This article introduced the current market situations and various production routes of succinic acid,including biological fermentation,furfural oxidation,(double) carbonylation,and maleic anhydride hydrogenation,and their advantages and disadvantages were briefly analyzed.The effect factors for products distribution in the maleic anhydride hydrogenation process was emphasized under different systems such as gas phase,organic phase,and aqueous solution,as well as the latest research progress on related catalysts,including precious metal catalysts,non precious metal catalysts and so on.Finally,the future research and development direction of succinic acid were prospected,developing non-noble metal catalysts with superior performance,good stability,and low cost in aqueous-phase systems is the technological trend for the development of succinic acid (anhydride) industry in the future.

Resorcinol formaldehyde resin was synthesized from resorcinol,styrene and formaldehyde.Effects of catalyst and reaction conditions on properties of resin were investigated.The results showed that resorcinol formaldehyde resin with softening point of 109 ℃ could be prepared by using p-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst and adjusting the reaction conditions such as the amount of substances.The vulcanized rubber prepared with resorcinol formaldehyde resin has the same vulcanization and physical properties as the vulcanized rubber prepared with resorcinol,which meets the needs of current radial tire adhesion.

Plastics have brought convenience to people’s lives but have also caused serious pollution,and the depletion of fossil energy has forced us to embark on the road of sustainable development.The high-value recycling of waste plastics is an effective way to solve the current energy shortage and environmental pollution.Plastic waste recycling methods include chemical method,energy recovery,recycling method and so on.Microwave-assisted pyrolysis in chemical recovery utilizes special interactions between electric fields and polymer molecules,which has potential advantages in plastic pyrolysis applications.This paper reviews the research status of microwave assisted pyrolysis (MAP) of plastics to obtain liquid oil,gas and other high value-added products.According to different kinds of waste plastics,microwave processing parameters,characteristics of microwave absorbent and the action of catalyst were analyzed,and the influencing factors on the distribution and quality of pyrolysis products were discussed in combination with the process method of microwave pyrolysis plastics to produce oil.

Hydrogenolysis debenzylation reaction is considered as a key process in organic synthesis field.However,the use of precious Pd metal and its inevitable loss greatly increase the cost of product.Therefore,developing hydrogenolysis catalysts with high performance,long life and low cost is regarded as the core technology to improve the product competitiveness.Among various alternative strategies,Pd-based alloy catalysts becomes a more potential scheme due to the synergistic effect,better stability and partial substitution with non-noble metals.Herein,this review summarizes recent progress of Pd-based alloy catalysts for hydrogenolysis debenzylation reaction based on the mechanism,then discusses the design principle,preparation method and alloy effect of Pd-based alloy catalysts.Finally,the design,preparation,application and recycle of Pd-based alloy catalysts are summarized and given an outlook from the perspective of industrialized hydrogenolysis debenzylation reaction.

Cerium dioxide (CeO₂) has excellent oxygen storage and release properties,oxygen mobility and abundant surface defects,and is easy to form metal-carrier strong interaction to stabilize precious metal particles.As an active component and carrier catalyst,CeO₂ is widely used in the oxidation elimination of environmental pollutants.Single CeO₂ has poor catalytic activity and thermal stability.Loading,doping and composite methods are often used to regulate the surface interface properties and microstructure to improve its catalytic performance and thermal stability.In this paper,the surface interface regulation strategies and catalytic mechanisms of cerium based catalysts in recent years were reviewed,and the effects of interface effects and interionic synergies on catalytic oxidation of small molecular pollutants were analyzed.

In recent years,oxidative desulfurization (ODS) technology has garnered significant attention due to its efficient and thorough removal of sulfides from oil products.By utilizing the appropriate catalyst at specific temperature and pressure conditions,the oxidizer’s activity can be greatly enhanced,thereby achieving rapid sulfide elimination.Among various oxidation desulfurization systems,the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) system is favored for its environmental friendliness and high efficacy.This paper provides a comprehensive review on the latest advancements in ODS technology employing H₂O₂ as an oxidant and metal or non-metal materials as catalysts in the field of oxidative desulfurization.Future development directions of this field are also proposed.

With the continuous progress of polymerization process,the variety of polymer macromolecules containing unsaturated double bonds is becoming more and more abundant,and the hydrogenation modification of them is also becoming more and more important.The research progress of polymer hydrogenation catalysts,including Ziegler-Natta catalysts(Z-N catalysts),metallocene catalysts,noble metal complex cata-lysts,and non-homogeneous catalysts,is reviewed.The catalytic mechanism of the catalysts and factors affecting the catalytic activity are summarized,and the direction of their development is prospected.

The large amount of waste plastics produced by human activities has brought serious pollution to the air,soil and sea in all fields.And even microplastics in the environment enter the human body through biological circulation,causing great harm to human health.According to the current recycling status of waste plastics,the research progress on several chemical recycling methods and new recycling processes for chemical recycling of waste plastics with sustainable development prospects were reviewed, mainly including solvolysis,hydrogenolysis,photocatalytic degradation.The catalytic degradation methods adapted to different types of waste plastics and the important role of various catalysts in the catalytic degradation reaction were summarized.And the catalytic efficiency of the main current catalysts was compared to provides a theoretical basis for the selection of effective catalysts and methods for the efficient degradation of waste plastics.

The air pollution caused by sulfur-containing compounds in liquid fuels (especially diesel and gasoline) has become a hot topic of concern in all walks of life.Green fuel is very important for sustainable development and clean environment.Effective and complete removal of sulfur compounds from fuel oil is the technical key to prepare a new catalytic desulfurization catalyst.In this paper,the application and research of molecular sieve in the field of catalytic desulfurization are reviewed,the existing main molecular sieve catalytic desulfurization technologies are summarized and analyzed,the mechanism of zeolites in desulfurization process is emphatically discussed,the application status of molecular sieve catalytic desulfurization in petroleum processing field is expounded,and its development prospect is prospected.

In recent years,Co-based catalysts have been applied to propane dehydrogenation,which exhibit higher catalytic activity than traditional precious metal Pt-based catalysts,and has gradually become a research focus.The complexity of multivalent states and multiple coordination of cobalt species leads to the inconsistent understanding of its active site structure and reaction mechanism.Especially under the reaction conditions of high temperature and reducing atmosphere (propane and its derivatives),CoO_x active sites are usually partially reduced in different degrees and easily converted into highly dispersed Co²⁺ species or ultra-small metal Co,which are usually considered as efficient active sites.In this paper,the Co-based propane dehydrogenation catalysts were classified according to the different catalyst support.Effects of different coordination environments,dispersions,and valence Co species on C-H activation,propylene selectivity and catalyst stability of propane dehydrogenation were systematically summarized,which provides a certain reference for further design of efficient Co-based propane dehydrogenation catalysts.

As an important green energy,hydrogen energy is an important guarantee to achieve carbon neutrality and carbon peak.Anion exchange membrane electrolytic cell combines the advantages of alkaline electrolytic cell and proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell,and can use non-precious metal catalyst combined with renewable energy,which is expected to break the bottleneck of high cost of green hydrogen preparation.In this paper,the recent research progress on the stability of non-noble metal catalysts for water electrolysis by AEM is reviewed.The dissolution and degradation behavior of catalyst metals are discussed,and the mechanism of oxygen evolution reaction on catalysts is emphasized.

The morphology of semiconductor catalyst is one of the important factors affecting the efficiency of photocatalytic decomposition of aquatic hydrogen.However,the influence of sacrificial agents in the reaction system is often ignored in most researches when discussing the effect of catalyst morphology.The CdS with good visible light activity was used as the research object to prepare the samples of nanoparticles,nanorods and nanosheets,and the hydrogen production efficiency of the CdS with different morphology was compared in the reaction system with sodium sulfide/sodium sulfite mixture,lactic acid and trieth-anolamine as the sacrifice agent.The experimental results showed that the hydrogen production efficiency of CdS nanosheets was 23.86 mmol·(g·h)^-1 when sodium sulfide/sodium sulfite mixture was used as sacrificant,which was much higher than that of the other two morphology samples.When the sacrificial agent was lactic acid or triethanolamine,the hydrogen production efficiency of CdS nanorods was the highest.

V-Ti oxides catalysts were prepared by impregation and calcinated at different temperature and tested in a fixed bed reactor for durene oxidation to pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA).The physical-chemical properties of catalysts were characterized by XRD,Raman and H₂-TPR method.The results showed that the vanadium in the catalyst was mainly in the form of crystal V₂O₅ and surface VO_x species on the TiO₂.The ratio of surface VO_x species and crystal V₂O₅ in catalyst can be influenced by calcination temperature,and the higher temperature,the more V₂ {\mathrm{O}}_5 {}_{}and polymerized VO_x species it was in the catalyst.The catalyst calcinated at 500 ℃ has a highest PMDA yield of 85.8% in the reaction of durene oxidation as the reducibility was moderate and the weak acidity was more.

Hydrodesulfurization is an important technology for organic sulfur removal.Presulfurization is the process of converting the hydrogenation catalyst from the oxidation state to the active sulfurized state,which is a key treatment process for the hydrogenation catalyst.Elemental sulfur as a presulfiding agent is attracting extensive attention of researchers in recent years due to its advantages of non-toxicity and high sulfurization efficiency.This review summarizes the progress of research on elemental sulfur presulfurization catalysts,in order to provide reference for the development and application of hydrogenation catalyst presulfurization process.Firstly,the presulfurization mechanism of elemental sulfur sulfide hydrogenation catalysts was introduced,and the influencing factors of the presulfurization process were analyzed,including the amount of elemental sulfur introduced, presulfurization temperature,pressure,and time.Secondly,elemental sulfur as a presulfiding agent has advantages compared with other presulfiding agents,but there is a problem of easy sublimation during the presulfurization process.In response to this issue,a detailed introduction was provided on the impact of different introduction methods on the retention of elemental sulfur in catalysts.Subsequently,an overview was provided of the industrial applications of sulfur presulfurization hydrogenation catalysts both domestically and internationally.Finally,a summary was made and the future research direction of elemental sulfur presulfidation hydrogenation catalysts was prospected.It was proposed to further improve the sulfidation by studying the interaction and mechanism of elemental sulfur and metal oxides with the goal of obtaining active sulfides.This is the key to improving the presulfurization effect of elemental sulfur and subsequent catalytic hydrogenation activity performance.

Cobalt-based catalysts are prone to aggregation and sintering at high temperatures,leading to insufficient understanding of their active centers.To address this issue,a novel CoLa bimetallic catalyst was designed in this study.By using the rare earth metal La to isolate and stabilize cobalt species,the catalytic activity was enhanced.By controlling the doping amount of La in the material,a correlation between different dispersion degrees and catalytic performance was established to gain insights into the active centers.Various characterization techniques including XRD,XPS,chemical adsorption,and probe molecule infrared spectroscopy were employed to analyze the form,chemical environment,and size of cobalt species in the catalyst.The results indicate that La promotes the dispersion of cobalt species and enhances the interaction between cobalt species and the support.

Ethyl ether is a colorless,flammable,and uniquely odorous liquid with a wide range of uses.The dehydration of ethanol to ethyl ether has a wide source of raw materials and low price,but H₂SO₄ solution is usually used for catalysis,which leads to serious corrosion of equipment.The use of solid acid catalyst has low cost and low corrosion.The reaction mechanism of ethanol dehydration to ethyl ether was reviewed.The research progress of solid acid catalysts,including alumina catalyst,zeolite catalyst and transition metal oxide catalyst,was summarized,and their development direction was prospected.

Solar photocatalytic technology is favored by researchers because of its environmentally friendly and low-cost features,and research on applying photocatalytic technology to textile field has achieved some success.Under light irradiation,semiconductor photocatalysts can degrade organic pollutants by absorbing photon energy and stimulating active radicals with strong redox ability.This paper reviews the common carriers of photocatalytic materials and their loading methods on textiles,and summarizes the special functions they can give to textiles.The study shows that photocatalytic materials have good application prospects for treating textile printing and dyeing wastewater;the fabrics treated with photocatalysts can obtain self-cleaning,anti-bacterial and anti-ultraviolet functions,which can reduce the number of washing times of textiles and effectively protect the health of human skin;loading photocatalysts onto fibers or fabrics effectively enhances their recyclability.This study lays a foundation for the future exploration of photocatalytic technology in the textile field.

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a high-efficiency power supply device using hydrogen energy,and its cathode iron-nitrogen-carbon(Fe-N-C) catalyst can effectively solve the problems such as high cost and difficult recovery of commercial platinum-based catalysts,and has broad application prospects.The activity and stability of Fe-N-C catalyst is superior to that of commercial Pt/C catalyst.The research background of Fe-N-C catalyst is briefly introduced.The influence of composition of Fe-N-C catalyst on performance in recent years is introduced from the aspects of precursor,support and auxiliary,and its development direction is prospected.

CeO₂-ZrO₂ mixed oxides are considered as one of the key components in the three-way catalysts for automotive exhaust purification.The increasingly strict emission regulations have brought much higher requitements regarding the thermal stability of CeO₂-ZrO₂ mixed oxides.In this work,CeO₂-ZrO₂ with excellent thermal stability were synthesized through co-precipitation method.The effect of synthesizing parameters including doping element,precursors,washing methods as well as ageing conditions on the specific surface area and thermal stability of the CeO₂-ZrO₂ samples were investigated.Results shown that CeO₂/ZrO₂/La₂O₃/Y₂O₃/Nd₂O₃ (CZLYN) samples prepared by using La-Y-Nd co-doping as the modified component,Ce(NH₄)₂(NO₃)₆ containing Ce⁴⁺ as the cerium precursor,washed with ethanol and aged in an ethanol environment for 12 h exhibited the optimal specific surface area and thermal stability.The specific surface can still maintain at 38 m²·g^-1 after 12 h thermal ageing at 1 050 ℃ using muffle furnace.The optimized CZLYN sample was further characterized and compared with one of the commercial CeO₂-ZrO₂ powder.Results showed that these two samples presented similar physical structure,grain size,pore size distribution and surface micro-morphology while the specific surface area of the optimized CZLYN sample was increased by about 60%.After thermal ageing at 1 050 ℃ using muffle furnace,the optimized CZLYN sample presented about 20% increase in the specific surface area of compared to the commercial CeO₂-ZrO₂ powder;after hydrothermal ageing,the optimized CZLYN samples still showed slightly higher specific surface area and about 30% increase in dynamic ox oxygen storage/release capacity,indicating its superior thermal stability.

Magnetic nanocomposite photocatalysts have gained significant attention in the field of photocatalysis due to their efficient catalytic activity,recyclability,and stability.This article provides a comprehensive review of the preparation methods for magnetic nanocomposite photocatalysts,including the co-precipitation method,sol-gel method,hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis method,and chemical vapor deposition method.The focus is on analyzing the impact of doped type,core-shell structure type,and graphene oxide on the photocatalytic performance of magnetic composite nano-photocatalysts.The article also discusses the degradation mechanism of pollutants by composite photocatalysts and their application in wastewater treatment.Furthermore,it proposes improvement measures for the catalyst synthesis process and highlights potential future research directions for magnetic nanocomposite photocatalysts.

{\mathrm{SO}}_4^{2-}/ZrO₂-γ-Al₂O₃ solid acid catalyst was prepared by precipitation-impregnation method.Preparation of triethylene glycol diisooctanoate(TGDE)by catalytic method using esterification reaction of triethylene glycol and 2-ethylhexanoic acid as probe reaction.The optimal conditions of preparation were performed to confirm.The results show that the optimum preparation conditions for solid acid catalyst through precipitation-impregnation method are calcination temperature is 600 ℃,the calcination time is 5 h,the sulfuric acid impregnation concentration is 0.6 mol·L^-1,the sulfuric acid impregnation time is 9 h,and the aging temperature is -20 ℃.The conversion of triethylene glycol reachs to 99.06% and still remains 90.54% after recycling 5 times at the optimum conditions.The target product TGDE was anal-yzed and detected by gas chromatography,FT-IR,¹HNMR,and ¹³CNMR,and all performance indicators met the requirements of national standards.

Mordenite possesses the unique pore structure,large specific surface area and pore volume,strong acidity and remarkable adsorption performance,along with exceptional acid resistance,hydrothermal stability,and thermal stability.It is an affordable,readily available,renewable,and eco-friendly material.Mordenite has broad application prospects in environmental fields such as water,air,and soil pollution control,as well as soil improvement.The article presents an overview of recent research and application advancements of mordenite in the field of environment in recent years,including heavy metal and nitrogen pollution control in water resources,CO₂ capture and utilization,VOCs control,soil improvement and pollution control.Meanwhile the article also envisioning future directions for mordenite improvement,aiming to drive environmental science research and practice and facilitate the achievement of environmental protection and sustainable development goals.

A cobalt molybdenum impregnation solution was prepared using cobalt nitrate and ammonium heptamolybdate as raw materials.Tartaric acid (TA),citric acid (CA), and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) were added to the impregnation solution and impregnated onto a carrier containing mesoporous silicon to prepare a series of catalysts.By characterization of N₂ adsorption-desorption,HRTEM,H₂-TPR,NH₃-TPD,etc.,it was found that the addition of a complexing agent reduced the interaction force between the active metal and the carrier,which was conducive to the formation of more Class Ⅱ active phases,with longer crystal length and more crystal layers.At the same time,it has a larger specific surface area and pore volume,and the acidity and medium strength of the acid are also increased.Therefore,catalysts with added complexing agents have higher conversion and thiol selectivity.

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) can convert methane and carbon dioxide into syngas to reduce carbon emissions effectively,which is meaningful for China to achieve the goal of “carbon peak and carbon neutralization”.Perovskite have adjustable crystal structure and controllable lattice oxygen,showing good anti-carbon deposition sintering performance,which is helpful to inhibit catalyst carbon deposition and realize the industrial application.This paper introduced the methods of inhibiting carbon deposition of methane dry reforming catalyst,the structural characteristics of perovskite materials and the preparation methods of perovskite catalyst.Besides,this paper summarized the application and modification methods of perovskite catalyst for DRM.The modification methods of perovskite catalyst are further discussed.

Bismuth oxybromide (BiOBr) particles with lamellar structure was synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis.X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that BiOBr was successfully prepared,and its formation mechanism was investigated.The effect of structural changes on the photocatalytic performance of BiOBr was investigated using quinolone antibiotic norfloxacin (NOR) as a degradation substrate under xenon light illumination.The results show that the BiOBr prepared under hydrothermal conditions has a sheet-like structure.As the solution pH value increases,the size of the BiOBr becomes smaller and the dispersion becomes worse,the absorption band edge is blue-shifted,and the forbidden band width becomes larger.The growth mechanism of lamellar BiOBr in water solvent environment is obtained,and it is proved that when the pH=1,the BiOBr-1ph sample prepared as uniform lame-llar structure with a width of (3-5) μm and a band gap of 2.93 eV shows the best photocatalytic acti-vity.The degradation of NOR over the above catalyst is 87.2% after 60 min of reaction,and the best degradation rate constant is 3.31×10^-2 min^-1.

The study of carbon dioxide(CO₂) hydrogenation to methanol is significant for China to alleviate the energy pressure and achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.In this reaction,the design and optimization of the catalyst are the essential elements in determining the CO₂ conversion and methanol selectivity.Alloy catalysts show extraordinary potential in promoting CO₂ activation and hydrogenation process due to their unique electronic structure and geometrical configuration.This review comprehensively surveys the advancements in solid-solution alloys and intermetallics,particularly Cu-based,In-based,Ga-based,and other emerging alloy systems,for heterogeneous catalysis of CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol.This paper also analyzes the current research strategies and ideas.It looks forward to the potential future directions and applications of alloy catalysts,aiming to provide valuable insights for researchers in related fields.

Due to the unique pore structure and excellent performance,porous ceramics have broad application in moisture sensitivity,gas sensitivity,filtration,sound absorption,heat insulation and catalytic carrier,especially in the field of environmental catalysis.Compared with catalyst powder alone,the supported porous ceramic catalysts have the advantages of large specific surface area,high catalytic activity,easy recovery,high carrier strength and corrosion resistance,which has become a research focus in recent years.The research progress of porous ceramics in catalytic treatment of volatile organic compounds,automobile exhaust gas,flue gas,printing and dyeing wastewater,and other organic wastewater degradation was reviewed,and the problems and development trends were prospected.

Sodium m-aminobenzene sulfonate is an important intermediate in chemical industry.There are many methods for its preparation,and catalytic hydrogenation is the main method used at present.But its industrialization report is few.It is because of the deactivation of the catalyst in hydrogenation process,and it’s difficult for catalyst recycle leading to high industrialization cost.In this article,we use self-made Pd/C catalyst in hydrogenation reaction.The deactivation reasons of catalyst were explored by LC-QTOF-MS,XRD,XPS,and BET.The deactivation of Pd/C catalyst is because the sodium m-aminobenzene sulfonate was converted to azoic compound and azoxy compound,which could block the pore of carbon support due to strong adsorptivity.The reduce of catalyst specific surface area due to the above reason can result in temporary toxic deactivation of catalyst.The deactivation is not permanent caused by formation of palladium sulfide.

NH₃ selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology is a widely used method for eliminating nitrogen oxides (NO_x) from industrial emissions.The flue gas temperature emitted from large gas turbines,ships and diesel vehicles is often higher than 450 ℃,which requires catalysts with good catalytic activity, selectivity and stability under high temperature,so the development of high-temperature SCR catalysts is a challenging issue in the field of denitrification.The current research status of molecular sieve catalysts(Cu-based molecular sieve and Fe-based molecular sieve) and metal oxide catalysts under high-temperature catalytic denitrification conditions is reviewed,the catalytic performance and physicochemical characteristics of high-temperature SCR catalysts are analysed,and the key factors affecting the catalytic perf-ormance of high-temperature SCR catalysts are proposed.The challenges of current high-temperature SCR denitrification technology are summarised,while the future development direction is prospected.

Alkyl anthraquinone is mainly used in the hydrogen peroxide production industry,and in recent years,with the development of related industries,its industrial demand has become increasingly large.At present,the main method for synthesizing alkyl anthraquinone in China is the phthalic anhydride method,which generates a large amount of waste acid and aluminum containing wastewater during the production process resulting in enormous environmental pressure.Solid acids can replace traditional aluminum trichloride and concentrated sulfuric acid in the reaction and greatly reduce the emission of pollutants.The research progress on solid acids in the catalytic synthesis of alkyl anthraquinone is reviewed.The applications of solid acids in the catalytic acylation,dehydration closed-loop and one-step reactions are introduced.The advantages and disadvantages of solid acids in the use process at present and future research directions are also pointed out.

A series of alumina precursors were prepared by nitric acid method using NaAlO₂ as raw material,and α-Al₂O₃ was obtained by calcination at high temperature.The supported palladium catalyst was prepared by incipient impregnation and their performance of CO oxidation coupling to dimethyl oxalate was evaluated on a fixed bed reactor.The texture and surface properties of the samples was characterized by XRD,BET,SEM,NH₃-TPD and H₂-TPR.The results showed that the precursor was prepared at gelation temperature of 55 ℃,pH of 7.0,and NaAlO₂ concentration of 0.8 mol·L^-1.The α-Al₂O₃ carrier prepared by the precursor calcined at 1 200 ℃ has high specific surface area,suitable surface acidity,suitable pore size distribution and large porosity.On a palladium-based catalyst prepared with this support,the conversion rate of methyl nitrite (MN) was 87.4% and the selectivity of dimethyl oxalate (DMO) was 96.1% at 3 000 h^-1,130 ℃,and CO/MN ratio of 4:1.

Four product quality improvement methods for synthesis gas to ethylene glycol are reviewed,including liquid phase hydrogenation,NaOH addition,additive agent and ion exchange resin adsorption.The action principles and effects of the four methods were discussed.The performance of hydrogenation catalyst is the basis for improvement of ethylene glycol product quality.The performance of liquid phase hydrogenation catalyst should be improved further to simplify the production process. The engineers and technicians can consult the methods of improving product quality in this paper.

The cracking reaction of methane on Xiaolongtan (XLT) lignite coal as well as on treated coal chars,including water treated coal char,HCl-HF treated coal char and nitric acid treated coal char were investigated in a small quartz tube fixed bed.The initial conversion of methane on XLT coal char was 64.7%,and the initial conversion of methane on water treated coal char and nitric acid treated coal char were significantly increased to 78.5% and 72.4%,respectively.Whereas the initial conversion of methane on HCl-HF treated coal char decreased to 54.1%,and the catalytic activity of the coal char was reduced.With the increasing reaction time,the methane cracking conversion and hydrogen yield also decreased gradually,indicating that different coal chars were gradually deactivated during the reaction process.The difference of coal chars before and after the reaction were characterized by SEM and specific surface area tester.The BET data showed that the specific surface area and microporous capacity of coal chars decreased and the average pore diameter increased after methane cracking,which was attributed to the reaction-generated carbon deposits clogging the micropores of the coal char.The SEM results showed that there was a significant generation of carbon deposits on the surface of the coal char after methane cracking,which ultimately led to the gradual decrease in the catalytic activity of the coal chars.

Efficient and acid stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts are crucial for the large-scale application of proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis technology coupled with renewable energy to produce green hydrogen.In this work,a series of iridium cobalt oxide catalysts with different iridium contents are prepared through a simple one-step molten salt thermal decomposition method followd by optimization.Electrochemical tests have shown that,compared with the rapid deactivation of cobalt oxide,the optimzied Ir_0.13Co_0.87O_x catalyst has an overpotential of only 270 mV at a current density of 50 mA·cm^-2,and can stably work for more than 50 h at a high current density of 100 mA·cm^-2.The study of structure-activity relationship shows that the uniform doping of iridium in the bulk lattice of cobalt oxide improves the stability of the catalyst and greatly reduces the impedance of charge transfer.At the same time,Ir replaces some of the tetrahedral coordinated Co²⁺ in Co₃O₄ with an average valence state slightly higher than +4,resulting in the catalyst surface prevails stable and high valence Ir⁴⁺ and Co³⁺ both in tetrahedral and octahedral form,hence greatly improving the activity and stability of the catalyst.This work reveals that the coordination structure and valence state of Ir in doped transition metal oxides play a crucial role in improving the OER activity and stability,hence provides a new solution for the development of efficient and stable low iridium based OER electrocatalysts working in acidic media.

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) in car exhaust are one of the main pollutants of air pollution.Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (SCR) is a technology with promising application prospects.ZSM-5 molecular sieve is used for diffusion control issues in the C₂H₂-SCR reaction to eliminate NOx.Based on this,a microporous/mesoporous composite ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst was prepared by treating microporous NaZSM-5 molecular sieve with NaOH solution,and the catalyst was characterized by XRD,SEM,N₂ adsorption-desorption,and FT-IR.Treat the sample with 1 mol·L^-1 NaOH solution at 65 ℃ for 90 minutes and then perform hydrothermal treatment to clear the pores,the presence of mesopores can obviously enhance the C₂H₂-SCR activity of ZSM-5 molecular sieve.

In this paper,Pd/NCNTs catalysts of Pd supported on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) were prepared and used in the catalytic hydrogenation of m-dinitrobenzene to m-phenylenediamine.The effects of different preparation methods of NCNTs on the catalytic performance of Pd/NCNTs catalysts were studied.The experimental results show that Pd nanoparticles can be more evenly dispersed on the carrier of NCNTs and can interact strongly with the carrier.The hydrogenation activity of Pd/NCNTs catalyst is higher when the nitrogen content in NCNTs is higher and the proportion of pyridine nitrogen is higher.In the catalytic hydrogenation of m-dinitrobenzene,the hydrogenation activity of Pd/NCNTs catalyst is 69% higher than that of Pd/CNTs catalyst.

Hydrogen storage and transport is of great significance to the development of hydrogen energy,and the research on metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) for hydrogen storage has grown significantly in recent years.The paper discusses and summarises the simulation and theoretical calculation of MOFs materials for hydrogen storage,database of hydrogen storage materials,high-throughput structure screening of MOFs materials for hydrogen storage and theoretical design of machine learning,etc.The paper also collates and elaborates the research ideas and progress of computational simulation methods in MOFs materials for hydrogen storage,which provides theoretical basis for promoting the rapid application of MOFs materials for hydrogen storage.

Polyoxometalates(POMs),as a type of multinuclear coordination polymer,have found extensive applications in catalysis,adsorption,and electrochemistry due to their unique structures and excellent physicochemical properties.However,the solubility of POMs in polar solvents has limited their application scope.To address this issue,researchers have developed POM-based composites.This review summarizes the latest research progress of POMs-based composites in the fields of biomass conversion,pollutant treatment,and electrochemistry.Studies have shown that these composites exhibit significant advantages in enhancing catalyst stability,promoting the transformation of biomass macromolecules,improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment and gas purification,and improving electrochemical performance.These achievements not only overcome the problem of POMs’ solubility but also provide new ideas and directions for technological innovation and applications in related fields.