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As a functional material,white carbon black has a broad application prospect in the traditional rubber,paint,toothpaste,pesticides and other fields,electronic materials,new energy,environmental protection materials and other emerging applications.The production of white carbon black in China has abundant raw material advantages,a large number of crops and industrial wastes as white carbon black is one of the main economic sources of white carbon black silicon source,which makes the production of white carbon black has low raw material price and high added value economic benefits.At present,the downstream consumption structure of the carbon black industry accounts for a relatively large tire,and the application economic value of highly dispersed carbon black is high,and the silicone industry has a strong market potential as one of the downstream industries.In this paper,six kinds of preparation methods of white carbon black (vapor phase white carbon black,precipitation white carbon black,microemulsion white carbon black,sol-gel white carbon black,rice husk and grain extraction white carbon black,non-metallic mineral extraction white carbon black) were reviewed.The preparation technology and research status of white carbon black were analyzed.The green preparation of white carbon black was summarized in detail,with the aim of providing theoretical guidance for solving the existing industrial pollutants.
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At present,the application of traditional commercial SCR catalysts in the thermal power denitrification industry is relatively mature,but the flue gas temperature is low and components are complex in non-electric industries including glass,cement,steel,and waste incineration,the operating life of denitrification catalysts is generally short.This is because the operating conditions of non-electric industries are special,and the flue gas contains a large amount of SO2,H2O,heavy metals,alkali (earth) metals,dust and metal salts,which lead to catalyst deactivation.Researchers study the mechanisms of catalyst poisoning and waste catalysts regeneration methods to improve the operational life of low-temperature catalysts.This article analyzes the poisoning mechanism and deactivation reasons of low-temperature catalysts,and summarizes the methods for anti-poisoning and resource utilization for deactivation catalyst.
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Excessive use of pesticides in agriculture to protect crops has led to widespread pesticide residues in soil, air, water, the blood and urine of living organisms, posing a significant threat to ecosystems and human well-being.To address this issue, the advanced oxidation processes (AOP) utilizing semiconductor photocatalysis to degrade pollutants into simpler compounds has become one of the promising methods.Photocatalysts play a crucial role in this process.Among them, zinc oxide (ZnO) has received widespread attention due to its excellent photocatalytic performance, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness.The research status of eliminating organophosphorus pesticides widely used in agriculture from the environment by using semiconductor photocatalysis is mainly introduced.It provides an overview of water pollution caused by organophosphorus pesticides, their occurrence, classification, and introduces the development of doped ZnO photocatalysis.The main emphasis was on the use of ZnO based composite materials for the degradation of organophosphorus pesticides, and the effects of operating parameters such as catalyst dosage, pesticide concentration, pH and reaction temperature on the photocatalytic degradation process were explore.
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Methanol steam reforming (MSR) for hydrogen production is essential for advancing clean energy,and improving CO2 selectivity is particularly important.In this study, indium-incorporated palladium with different contents were synthesized on ceria catalysts using incipient wetness impregnation and hydrothermal methods for the methanol steam reforming reaction.Through indium incorporation,the catalyst performance was optimized,achieving 98% methanol conversion and 100% CO2 selectivity.In-situ DRIFTS experiments revealed the evolution of intermediate species during the reaction,allowing for the proposal of a potential reaction pathway.Various characterization techniques,including XRD,Raman,EPR,XPS,STEM,and AC-STEM,were also employed to provide insights into the physical and chemical properties of the catalysts.Overall,our findings present a new strategy for designing high-performance MSR catalysts.
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The large-scale adoption of water electrolysis is hindered by high energy barriers in hydrogen evolution (HER) and oxygen evolution (OER) reactions.This paper addresses this challenge by synthesizing a core-shell CoCu2S4@Ni(OH)2 composite via a ZIF-67-templated hydrothermal method.In 1 mol·L-1 KOH,the catalyst achieved ultralow overpotentials of 98 mV (HER) and 224 mV (OER) at 10 mA·cm-2.Configured as a dual-function electrolyzer [CoCu2S4@Ni(OH)2 ‖ CoCu2S4@Ni(OH)2],it required only 1.54 V to drive 10 mA·cm-2,surpassing noble metal systems (Pt/C‖IrO2) and demonstrating exceptional stability over 70 h with negligible decay.The enhanced performance stems from its hierarchical core-shell structure,which promotes electrolyte diffusion and gas release,coupled with optimized electronic conductivity and interfacial stability.
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A sodium chloride (NaCl)-assisted ball milling strategy was developed to synthesize a series of manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve (OMS-2) catalysts.A comprehensive investigation using XRD,BET,Raman spectroscopy,XPS,HRTEM,SEM,and H2-TPR elucidates the effects of NaCl content on the specific surface area,pore structure,and oxygen vacancy concentration of the OMS-2 samples.Ozone decomposition performance tests reveal that catalysts prepared with an optimal NaCl content exhibit significantly enhanced activity and stability compared to NaCl-free counterparts,whereas excessive NaCl loading leads to performance deterioration.The findings demonstrate that NaCl-induced surface oxygen vacancies not only promote efficient ozone decomposition but also mitigate water-induced catalyst deactivation by suppressing competitive adsorption.The optimized catalyst,OMS-2-10,achieves 89.1% ozone conversion over 70 h under dry conditions [30 ℃,600 L·(g·h)-1] and retains 77.8% conversion for 6 h under humid conditions (50% RH).This work introduces a mechanochemistry-based approach for catalyst synthesis,providing new insights and theoretical guidance for the development of advanced ozone decomposition catalysts.
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This study constructed BiFeO3@UiO-66-NH2 (BFO@UiO) core-shell piezoelectric nanoclusters with a Type-II heterojunction via a two-step hydrothermal method,significantly enhancing piezocatalytic performance.The integration of UiO-66-NH2 and BFO provided a high specific surface area and abundant active sites,while the mechanically induced piezoelectric field effectively suppressed carrier recombination.Notably,BFO@UIO-0.5 demonstrated optimal degradation efficiency,achieving 98% removal of Rhodamine B within 60 minutes with a reaction rate constant of 0.04367 min-1,which was 11.4 times higher than that of pure BFO (0.00382 min-1),and retained high catalytic activity after four cycles.Mechanistic investigations revealed that h+ played a dominant role in degradation,and the heterojunction structure enhanced the piezoelectric response by regulating carrier migration pathways.This work highlights the potential of rational heterojunction design for advanced piezocatalytic applications,while emphasizing the need for future optimization in catalyst recovery and scalable synthesis.
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This study focuses on the conversion of CO2 in industrial waste gas and innovatively loads Ru or Ni nanoparticles onto Mg-CUK-1 to prepare catalysts for the efficient capture and conversion of CO2.The experiment adopted the two-solvent impregnation method to prepare the supported catalyst,and its CO2 adsorption and hydrogenation performance were deeply tested.The results show that the original Mg-CUK-1 has a CO2 adsorption capacity of 5.28 mmol·g-1 at 0 ℃ and 104.9 kPa.However,with the increase of catalyst loading,the CO2 adsorption capacity decreases.In the CO2 hydrogenation performance test,the methane selectivity of the 3Ru and 7Ru catalysts loaded with Ru at 350℃ reached 86.4%±2.8% and 89.3%±2.6% respectively,while the methane selectivity of the 3Ni and 6Ni catalysts loaded with Ni at 300℃ was 87.5%±1.3% and 88.5%±1.5% respectively.Batch processing CO2 capture and conversion performance tests show that 3Ni and 3Ru with lower loads perform better in terms of CO2 adsorption capacity and conversion efficiency.This research provides a new approach for the efficient and stable conversion of CO2 in actual industrial waste gas.
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This article investigates a directing agent with short aging time and high activity,which can synthesize high crystallinity NaY zeolites in a relatively short period of time.The influence of aging times ranging from 2 to 12 hours and aging temperatures between 30 ℃ and 45 ℃ on the appearance and activity of the directing agent was examined,as well as the effect of optimizing the preparation ratio of directing agent on the particle size of NaY zeolite.The results showed that the aging time of the directing agent was only 4 h,and the relative crystallinity of NaY molecular sieve could reach over 90%.When the aging temperature was 40 ℃ and the amount of directing agent added was 8%,the small particle size of NaY obtained by scanning electron microscopy analysis was 500~600 nm.
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Isooctyl glycidyl ether was synthesized using liquid-solid phase transfer catalysis with isooctanol and epichlorohydrin as raw materials,quaternary ammonium salt as catalyst,and sodium hydroxide as acid binding agent.The effects of different catalyst,catalyst addition amount,reaction temperature,feed ratio,and reaction time on the product yield were investigated.Finally,the optimal etherification process parameters were finally determined based on orthogonal experimental design.The results showed that the optimal process parameters were as follows:catalyst addition amount of 8 g,feed ratio of 1∶1.2∶1.5 (1 mol of isooctanol,1.2 mol of epichlorohydrin,and 1.5 mol of sodium hydroxide),reaction temperature of 30 ℃,and reaction time of 7 h.When the acid binding agent was added in batches,the average yield of the product isooctyl glycidyl ether can reached 87.40%,and the purity reached 99.08%.
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In this study,a novel phosphorus-nitrogen-boron multi-element synergistic flame retardant (PMB) was successfully synthesized via a one-pot solid-phase polycondensation process and incorporated into polypropylene (PP) composites.The structure and thermal stability of PMB were characterized by FTIR and TGA.The results demonstrated that PMB exhibits excellent flame retardancy in the PP matrix.When the addition amount was 20%,the composite reached UL-94 V-0 grade,and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) increased to 25.08%.Cone calorimetry tests revealed that PMB significantly reduced the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR).The flame-retardant mechanism combines gas-phase radical quenching and condensed-phase char layer formation,achieving a synergistic effect of dual flame-retardant mechanisms.This research provides a new design strategy for developing high-efficiency and environmentally friendly halogen-free flame-retardant materials.
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With the proposal of ultra-low emission policy,the problem of NOx emission becomes more and more prominent in the cold start-up stage (when the temperature is lower than 150 ℃).NOx passive adsorption technology (PNA) can achieve efficient storage of low-temperature NOx,high-temperature release purification,and purification under the action of back-end SCR catalyst,which is regarded as the key technology to solve the problem of low-temperature emission reduction and ultra-low emission of diesel vehicles.In this work,Pd-based SSZ-13 catalyst was synthesized by quantitative ion exchange method,and its noble metal dispersion and hydrothermal aging properties were characterized.The Pd/SSZ-13 catalyst prepared by this method basically achieved quantitative loading of precious metals and reached high dispersion,and still had high performance after hydrothermal treatment.In addition,in view of the lack of testing methods for PNA catalysts in the process of research and development,taking the engineering scale-up materials of self-made PNA catalysts as samples,combined with the summary and analysis of catalyst sample fixed bed,bench and a large number of literature data,a complete set of testing methods suitable for PNA catalysts is proposed,which provides a reference basis for the subsequent development of PNA materials and the formulation of related standards.
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With the acceleration of urbanization,the output of urban sewage has increased sharply,and untreated discharge has great harm.There are many problems in the traditional sewage treatment process,and the integrated denitrification coupling (SNADF) process provides a new idea for urban sewage treatment.The experimental results show that the average removal rate of COD is 84.78%,which fluctuates greatly in operation and has a downward trend in the later stage.The NH3-N removal rate fluctuated significantly and was greatly affected by environmental changes.The TN removal rate was 61.90%,which was relatively low,probably due to the inhibition of denitrification process.The TP removal rate was 60.20%,which was achieved by controlling the relevant conditions and using the metabolism of phosphorus accumulating bacteria.In terms of sludge reduction,the apparent yield of sludge decreases with time,and the process can effectively reduce the amount of sludge produced.SNADF process has certain potential in urban sewage treatment,but the operation conditions need to be optimized to improve the stability and efficiency of pollutant removal.
