Alkene catalytic hydration reaction is one of the core industrial processes for producing alcohols.The directional addition of alkene and water through liquid acid catalyst, solid acid catalyst, and enzyme catalyst is widely used in petrochemical, fine chemicals, and biofuels.In this review, the reaction mechanism of alkene catalyzed hydration was analyzed, and the research progress of alkene catalyzed hydration catalyst systems was introduced from three aspects: liquid acid catalysts, a number of solid acid catalysts, and biological enzyme catalysts.The key challenges of alkene catalyzed hydration technology were highlighted, and the future development directions were prospected.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most popular photocatalysts in the fields of water treatment and environmental applications.Its photocatalytic efficiency is significantly limited by the large band gap of ZnO and the photo-generated charge carriers.The photocatalytic efficiency can be further improved by mixing ZnO with materials with narrow band gaps (such as metals,non-metals,carbon-based or polymer-based materials) to modify its electronic band structure and other related characteristics.The application of ZnO-based photocatalyst in wastewater treatment shows great potential as an effective and durable oxidation technology.To enhance photocatalytic efficiency,ZnO photocatalyst can be prepared through various methods and modified by doping.Based on studies on the preparation of ZnO-based photocatalyst for water treatment with a focus on electron-hole generation and recombination,this paper discussed key strategies,research findings,and related factors for achieving optimal photocatalytic performance,elucidated performance enhancement mechanisms,considered areas for potential improvement,and prospected future development prospects and challenges in this field.

In this paper,we systematically reviewed the research status of light alkane isomerization catalysts in recent years, focusing on the popular traditional oxide (Pt/Cl-Al₂O₃ and Pt/ZrO₂-SO₄), molecular sieve and MOFs isomerization catalysts.The effects of metal components and support types on the performance of the catalyst were further discussed, and the reasons for the inactivation of the catalyst and the regeneration methods were described in detail.Finally, the future research directions of catalysts are proposed, and the low cost, low temperature and high activity of light alkane isomerization catalysts are the focus of future research.

Electrolysis technology is regarded as an ideal method for degrading nitrogenous pollutants in wastewater due to its advantages of high efficiency,broad applicability,simple operation,recyclability,and environmental friendliness.Starting from electrochemical oxidation for ammonia nitrogen removal and reduction for nitrate nitrogen removal,respectively,this article focuses on reviewing the reaction mechanisms,the performance of electrode catalysts,and recent advance in the design of electrochemical reactors.Finally,the challenges and key research priorities for the development of electrochemical nitrogen removal systems are discussed from the perspective of practical engineering applications.

Three OMS-2 catalysts were prepared using different preparation methods including redox,sol-gel,and hydrothermal,and potassium permanganate was used as the manganese precursor in three cases.The catalytic performance on these catalysts for N₂O decomposition were investigated in a fixed-bed continuous flow microreactor.Meanwhile,the three catalysts were characterized by XRD,N₂ adsorption-desorption,XPS,TEM/HRTEM,CO₂-TPD,and H₂-TPR techniques.The results indicate that OMS-2 catalysts prepared by different methods all possess the cryptomelane crystal phase structure.The OMS-2-OR catalyst prepared via the redox method exhibits a nanoflower-like morphology and distorted lattice fringes,which facilitates the formation of more oxygen vacancies.Concurrently,this catalyst demonstrates the highest basicity strength and the largest density of basic sites,which result in OMS-2-OR exhibiting relatively superior catalytic performance for N₂O decomposition.Under the conditions of 380 ℃ and space velocity of 10 000 h^-1,OMS-2-OR could maintain N₂O conversion 80% at least for 100 h.

Although proton exchange membrane electrolyzers (PEMWEs) have great potential in green-hydrogen production,the reaction kinetics of the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is significantly slower than that under alkaline conditions,posing a challenge for the activity and stability of the electrode.Iridium oxide,as one of the excellent anode catalytic materials for PEMWEs,is limited in large-scale application and development due to its high cost.Here,we successfully synthesized an amorphous iridium catalyst doped with molybdenum,which has disordered structure,lower iridium content,and superior OER activity compared to pure iridium oxide.The amorphous iridium catalyst demonstrates exceptional catalytic activities in OER,accompanied by a 279 mV overpotentials at a current density of 10 mA/cm².Moreover,when applied as an anode catalyst in the PEMWEs,the material exhibited no signs of degradation after continuous operation for over 80 h at a current density of 1 A/cm².

Al₂(WO₄)₃ catalyst was prepared by oxalic acid complexation method,which can be used to simulate the efficient degradation of oxytetracycline hydrochloride under sunlight.The phase structure and microstructure of Al₂(WO₄)₃ were characterized by XRD and SEM,and the optical properties and photocatalytic activity of Al₂(WO₄)₃ were investigated by spectrophotometer.The results show that the catalyst only contains Al₂(WO₄)₃ of the orthotropic phase and no impurities,and it is composed of fine spherical particles and lamellar blocks.The Al₂(WO₄)₃ catalyst has a high absorption coefficient in the wavelength range of 200~420 nm and can partially respond to visible light,with an E_g value of 3.65 eV.Taking oxytetracycline hydrochloride as the target pollutant,when the catalyst concentration was 1.5 g/L,the drug concentration was 100 mg/L,and the light exposure time was 150 min,the degradation percentage of oxytetracycline hydrochloride by the Al₂(WO₄)₃ catalyst was 94%.Based on experimental and band arrangement theory analysis,the main active species of Al₂(WO₄)₃ catalyst in the degradation of oxytetracycline hydrochloride are holes,hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals.

The Ce-Fe-Mn-W/Ti catalyst was prepared by the co-precipitation method,and the influence of Mn/W ratio on denitration performance of NH₃-SCR catalysts was investigated in this study.By adjusting and controlling Mn/W ratio in the catalyst,the influence of Mn/W ratio on the denitration efficiency,XRD phase,specific surface area and pore structure,XPS surface element content and valence,as well as the surface acidity and reduction performance of the catalyst were explored.The results showed that the catalyst with Mn/W=2.8 had better medium and low-temperature activity,and the denitration efficiency could reach over 90% within the temperature range of 205~445 ℃.The Mn/W ratio did not affect XRD crystal structure of the catalyst.A higher Mn content was beneficial for increasing the specific surface area and pore volume of the catalyst,promoting the formation of high-valent Mn⁴⁺ and Ce⁴⁺,increasing the chemisorbed oxygen content,improving the adsorption and activation ability at low temperature,and facilitating the adsorption and activation of NH₃ and NO,thereby the denitration catalytic performance was enhanced.

In this paper,Na-La bimetallic modified Al₂O₃ catalysts were prepared for catalyzing the dehydration of n-octanol to 1-octene.The effects of Na and La bimetals on the catalyst performance were systematically studied by introducing Na and La into the Al₂O₃ carrier through the impregnation method.The results show that the Na-La bimetallic modified Al₂O₃ catalyst has an appropriate acid-base center distribution.Therefore,it exhibits good catalytic activity,1-octene selectivity and stability in the dehydration reaction of n-octanol.Under the reaction condition of 330 ℃,normal pressure and 4 h^-1 space velocity,the conversion rate of n-octanol was 97.55%,the selectivity of 1-octene was 95.26%,and the purity of 1-octene in olefin products was 95.58%.Compared with La-modified Al₂O₃,the Na-La bimetallic modified catalyst improved the selectivity and purity of 1-octene,and the performance of the catalyst did not show any significant decline within 200 h.The reason might be that the synergistic effect of Na and La optimizes the surface acid-base properties of the catalyst,promotes the dehydration of n-octanol to 1-octene,and suppresses the occurrence of by-side reactions.

In this paper, an oxygen-rich vacancy BiVO₄/NH₂-MIL-125(Ti) composite photocatalyst was prepared by the hydrothermal method combined with the chemical reduction method.The crystal structure, light absorption capacity, microstructure and surface oxygen vacancy content of the catalyst were analyzed by XRD, UV-Vis DRS, SEM and ESR, and the phenol degradation activity of the catalyst was tested.The results indicate that the composite of BiVO₄ and NH₂-MIL-125(Ti) significantly enhances the light absorption capacity and the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers, thereby improving the photocatalytic activity.Under ultraviolet light and initial phenol concentration of 50 mg/L, the 0.30-OBQMIL catalyst with mass fraction of NH₂-MIL-125(Ti) of 30% exhibited optimal performance, achieving a phenol degradation rate of 92.6% after 90 min.In addition, the phenol degradation rate of 0.30-OBQMIL catalyst was still above 90% after five cycles of use,indicating good stability.The free radical trapping experiments confirmed that the dominant species is the superoxide radical (· ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{-}$), followed by the hydroxyl radical (·OH) and photogenerated holes (h⁺).

This article employed a self-developed Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst to systematically study the effects of 1-butene and butadiene concentrations in the feedstock,as well as the impact of different sources of C₄ fractions on catalyst performance.A comparison with the Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst was also presented.The results indicate that the developed Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst exhibits good adaptability to the feedstock,within the investigated range,variations in the concentration of 1-butene have no significant impact on its performance,and the reaction approaches equilibrium conversion.As the inlet butadiene concentration increases,the conversion rate of 1-butene decreases,making the adjustment of the hydrogen-to-hydrocarbon ratio crucial for improving reaction conversion and selectivity.Compared with Pd/Al₂O₃,the Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst demonstrates superior feedstock adaptability and tolerance to oxygenated compound impurities.Furthermore,a long-term stability evaluation of the Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst over 1 000 h shows that the average conversion rate of 1-butene is 78.5%,with an average increase in butane of 0.92% and residual butadiene content of less than 10 mg/kg.These results indicate that the catalyst has industrial promotion value,providing a reliable technological pathway for the efficient and low-cost conversion of C₄ resources.

In the study,relatively stable copper(I) benzthiazolyl-2-mercaptide [Cu(I)M] was prepared by oxidation reduction method,ethanol as the solvent,2-mercaptobenzothiazole (M) as the ligand,phosphite as reducing agent,copper(Ⅱ) nitrate as oxidizing agent and source of copper.Cu(I)M catalytic properties were investigated with synthesis of N-t-butyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenimide (TBSI) by catalytic oxidation.The microscopic structure,chemical bonding types,mass changes,and thermal effects of Cu(I)M and M were detected and characterized by XRD,FT-IR and DSC.Cu(I)M characteristic diffraction peaks were consistent,preferred orientations were different,according to drying ways.New strong absorption peaks at 1 150.8 cm^-1and 872.6 cm^-1 were revealed by FT-IR,indicating the existence of new chemical bonds.Excess energy was detected by DSC in Cu(I)M.The purity of TBSI was detected to be 99.12% by HPLC,which meets the national standard.As ideal catalytic materials,relatively stable Cu(I)M was prepared,applied to the synthesis of TBSI.It could provide with the basic experiment data on further expanding its application,revealing catalytic mechanism.

Thermal analysis technology is a new technology for offshore drilling waste treatment.However,the current oil-based drilling cuttings pyrolysis treatment equipment has some problems such as large area,high power and slow processing rate,which can not meet the needs of offshore oil-based drilling cuttings treatment.It is urgent to study the basic properties of oil-based drilling cuttings pyrolysis to lay a foundation for the miniaturization,high efficiency and low power consumption of oil-based drilling cuttings heat treatment equipment for offshore drilling platforms.In this paper,a new experimental device for pyrolysis of oily cuttings was designed.The experimental samples were prepared according to the oil-based drilling fluid and oil-based cuttings sampled on site,and the basic performance of pyrolysis of oily cuttings was studied.The results showed that the higher the heating temperature,the more thorough the reaction and the less solid residue;the content of oil phase products in liquid phase products is about lower;the content of water phase products is higher;the content of gas phase product is higher.The research results can provide a theoretical basis for China’s independent research and development of miniaturized,high efficiency and low power consumption of oil-bearing drilling cuttings low temperature pyrolysis treatment device.