The main research and current situation of acetonitrile synthesis in industry are reviewed.Firstly,the industrial application and market scale of acetonitrile are introduced.Secondly,different process paths,catalysts and their industrial applications are summarized,as well as main manufacture factories.The advantages of ethanol ammonia dehydrogenation method are analyzed based on the current trend of industrialization of coal-based ethanol in China.The new research direction of acetonitrile synthesis from ethanol is described in detail,and the catalytic reaction mechanism and research progress of ethanol ammonia dehydrogenation process catalyzed by Cu and Co based catalysts are summarized.Finally,the research direction of catalytic system of this technical route is prospected in combination with the research progress of the author's research group.

Oxidation reaction is the most common and important chemical reaction,which is widely used in production and life.As a catalyst,MOFs materials are emerging catalytic materials with large specific surface area,high porosity,structural designability,adjustable pore size,and easy functionalization of pore surface.This paper reviewed the research progress of MOFs as oxidation catalysts or carriers,including the types of MOFs materials,catalytic effects,catalytic mechanisms and the oxidation reactions of different organic compounds,such as olefin oxidation,alcohol oxidation,carbon monoxide oxidation,oxidation of sulfur derivatives,toluene combustion,etc.The advantages of MOFs materials were pointed out,involving designability,high catalytic activity and using environmentally friendly oxidants in oxidation reactions.The challenges and future development directions were also put forward.

As a representative of advanced oxidation processes,electro-Fenton (EF) technology has attracted extensive attention in the removal of organic pollutants due to its safety,simplicity of operation,and environmental friendliness.However,transition metal-based catalysts in advanced oxidation technologies still face problems such as low selectivity,narrow pH applicability range,and high economic costs.Moreover,there is still a lack of in-depth understanding of the regulation mechanism of transition metal-based materials.This paper reviews the research progress on EF technology in the treatment of organic wastewater in recent years,analyzes the reaction mechanism of 2e^- oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) generating H₂O₂ and the activation of H₂O₂ at the solution/catalyst interface to form ·OH in the EF reaction,and discusses the preparation of EF cathode catalysts,the influencing factors of catalytic performance,and the development of multifunctional catalysts.At the same time,in order to solve the inherent problems such as mass transfer limitations,intermittent operation,and insufficient energy utilization,the coupling and synergistic reaction systems of EF technology with other technologies are further discussed.It is expected to provide certain references for the design of EF catalysts and the exploration of EF coupling technologies.

Layered bimetallic hydroxide (LDH) has become an excellent candidate material for water electrolysis catalyst due to its unique layered structure.Nickel-cobalt layered bimetallic hydroxide (NiCo-LDH) was in-situ constructed on 3D printed nickel mesh (3D-NM) by electrodeposition method,and the regulation of the bimetallic nickel-cobalt ratio on the morphology and electrocatalytic oxygen evolution performance of the bimetallic layered hydroxide (NiCo-LDH) was investigated.When the ratio of Ni∶Co is 1∶1,NiCo-LDH nanosheets exhibit the best oxygen evolution activity,the required overpotential at 10 mA·cm^-2 current density is only 230 mV,the Tafel slope is 103.3 mV·dec^-1,and the nanosheets have a large electrochemically active surface area.The catalyst also showed excellent catalytic stability during a 30 h test.This excellent oxygen evolution activity can be attributed to the abundant electrochemical active sites provided by NiCo-LDH nanosheets and the good charge transport capacity,which together promote the effective charge/electron transfer,thus significantly improving the efficiency of water electrolysis.This study provides a new way for high throughput preparation and optimization of layered bimetallic hydroxide electrocatalysts.

CO₂ oxidation of ethane dehydrogenation to produce ethylene and syngas is a highly focused new technology,but the removal of acetylene during ethylene separation is challenging.The hydrogenation activity of precious metal catalysts in syngas is often suppressed.Research into new catalysts for selective hydrogenation of acetylene in syngas is crucial to unblock the technological bottleneck and streamline the process.At the same time,these new catalysts can also be applied in the purification of calcium carbide furnace exhaust gases.The newly prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD,and their active component was an amorphous copper-boron compound.XPS analysis shows that the binding energies of Cu and B in the copper-boron compound are elevated.SEM images show that the active components are evenly distributed in the catalyst.The effects of catalyst preparation,feedgas composition,and reaction conditions on the selective hydrogenation performance of acetylene were investigated.The lifetime test at the original particle size indicated that the catalyst,when applied to selective hydrogenation of acetylene in syngas,can completely convert acetylene concentrations of 0.3% or below,with a selectivity greater than 96%.This catalyst shows promising potential for industrial applications.

In this paper,graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) was used as the carrier to prepare low-loading Pd/g-C₃N₄ and Pd-Pt/g-C₃N₄ catalysts.In the liquid-phase hydrogenation reaction of sodium m-nitrobenzene sulfonate,the two catalysts showed similar catalytic activity to that of the commercial 5%Pd/C catalyst.The apparent reaction rate constants per unit mass of metal were increased by 2.7 times and 5.7 times,respectively.According to various characterization results,when the loading of metals is low,Pd or Pt can be well dispersed on the surface of g-C₃N₄,metal nanoparticles with small size can be obtained,and the metal particles have strong interaction with the surface of g-C₃N₄ carrier,which significantly improves the catalytic efficiency.

M-MOF-74 (M=Zn,Co and Fe) materials synthesized using Zn,Co and Fe as central metals and 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid as organic ligand were applied to the construction of vinyl acetate hydroformylation catalyst system.The morphology and structure of M-MOF-74 (M=Zn,Co and Fe) were characterized by XRD,SEM,N₂ adsorption-desorption and thermogravimetric analysis.Compared with Co-MOF-74 and Fe-MOF-74,the Zn-MOF-74 prepared with Zn as central metal had the largest specific surface area and pore volume.As for the catalytic activity of vinyl acetate hydroformylation reaction,M-MOF-74 (M=Zn,Co and Fe)/Co₂(CO)₈ prepared via a in-situ composite method showed significantly increased selectivity of branched-chain products comparing with Co₂(CO)₈.

As global energy demand surges,the combustion of fossil fuels has resulted in significant carbon dioxide emissions,exacerbating climate change and posing environmental challenges.The conversion of carbon dioxide into olefins through hydrogenation is regarded as a crucial approach for green synthesis,as it not only mitigates greenhouse gas emissions but also facilitates the efficient utilization of carbon dioxide resources.In this study,four Fe-based catalysts with different Fe contents (Fe-5,Fe-10,Fe-20,Fe-30) were prepared,and their catalytic performances were evaluated under conditions of 0.1 MPa,a CO₂∶H₂ ratio of 3∶1,and a temperature of 300 ℃,to investigate the impact of Fe content on catalyst particle size and performance.The experimental results revealed that when the Fe content was set at 20 mmol,the Fe-20 catalyst demonstrated optimal catalytic performance.Specifically,it exhibited a total selectivity of 25.9% for C₂-C₄ olefins,a CO₂ conversion of 14.5%,and a notably low CO selectivity of 1.24%.Furthermore,characterizations of the catalyst indicated that the presence of FeC_x species could enhance the hydrogenation reaction of carbon dioxide.These species were found to increase surface defects within the carbon lattice,thereby facilitating the formation of olefins.In summary,the Fe content exerts a substantial influence on both the particle size and the catalytic performance of the catalyst.Notably,the Fe-20 catalyst demonstrates the optimal catalytic performance,offering a solid theoretical foundation and practical insights for the production of low-carbon olefins through the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide.

For improving the catalytic performance of Cu-based catalyst in CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol,the conventional Cu/Zn/Al catalyst,HCT-Cu/Zn/Al catalyst with hydrotalcite as precursor and HCT-Cu/Zn/Al/Mg catalyst were prepared by co-precipitation method.The effects of hydrotalcite precursors and MgO additives on copper species dispersion,copper specific surface area,catalyst basic site,carbon dioxide hydrogenation activity and stability were investigated.Through SEM,N₂O-TPD,H₂-TPR,CO₂-TPD and TEM characterization,it was found that the preparation of catalyst with hydrotalcite as the precursor system could promote the dispersion of copper species,increase the specific surface area of copper,and increase the strong alkaline sites of the catalyst surface.More importantly,the limiting effect of hydrotalcite could inhibit the sintering of copper species and improve the stability of the catalyst.In addition,MgO additive could further increase the specific surface area of copper,increase the strong alkaline sites on the catalyst surface,and inhibit the sintering of copper species.HCT-Cu/Zn/Al/Mg catalyst with hydrotalcite as precursor was used under the conditions of reaction temperature 250 ℃,reaction pressure 5 MPa,V(H₂)∶V(CO₂)=3∶1 and space velocity (GHSV)=10 000 mL·(g·h)^-1.The methanol spatio-temporal yield was as high as 0.57 g·(g·h)^-1,and methanol spatio-temporal yield was still 0.53 g·(g·h)^-1 after reaction for 50 h,showing good stability.

Cobalt-molybdenum catalysts are widely used and have good anti-toxicity.However,there are still many factors during the production process that leading to catalyst deactivation and affecting the normal and safe operation of the system.Taking the deactivation of the shift catalyst in a coal-to-methanol plant as an example,the deactivated catalyst was analyzed by means of BET,SEM,XRD,and XRF.It was concluded that the main causes of catalyst deactivation were arsenic poisoning,water entering the bed,and over-temperature.Therefore,it is suggested to use anti-arsenic catalysts or add a filter bed to protect the catalyst.At the same time,strict control of process operations is necessary,especially preventing over-temperature and water carryover during start-up and shutdown.In daily operations,the liquid levels of the carbon wash tower and separation tank should be controlled to prevent water and dust from entering the catalyst,thereby extending the catalyst's service life,increasing the catalyst's utilization efficiency,and enhancing benefits.

The organic calcium content in the feedstock of the 2.0 Mt·a^-1 catalytic cracking unit of a certain petrochemical company is relatively high,which leads to excessive calcium content on the equilibrium catalyst,severe calcium contamination and a decrease in the heavy oil conversion of the unit.Through multiple measures such as replacing the high-efficiency decalcification agent,increasing the catalyst replacement volume,changing the main catalyst,injecting the termination agent and raising the reaction temperature,as well as optimization and analysis,it is found that the calcium contamination on the equilibrium catalyst is mainly caused by the blockage of the catalyst pores by calcium sulfate,which reduces the accessibility and cracking of heavy oil on the active centers of the catalyst.In response to the characteristics of calcium contamination in different forms,a method of adding sulfur transfer agent to reduce the calcium sulfate content on the equilibrium catalyst is proposed.The industrial application results show that the mass concentration of SO_x in the flue gas is reduced from 550 mg·m^-3 to 8 mg·m^-3 by injecting the sulfur transfer additive.It can effectively inhibit the formation of calcium sulfate on the equilibrium catalyst and significantly reduce its content,thereby increasing the conversion of heavy oil.The slurry oil yield is reduced from 11.7% to 5.7%,with a significant decrease in the slurry oil yield and a significant increase in the light oil yield.

The Cr-based propane dehydrogenation catalyst is composed of Cr and Al,and the content of Cr directly determines its catalytic performance.However,there exists a lack of standardized testing methods for corresponding product quality control.After the Cr series catalyst was ground and sieved,nitric acid,phosphoric acid,and sulfuric acid were added,followed by heating to facilitate leaching.Silver nitrate was employed as a catalyst,and ammonium persulfate was added to oxidize all chromium species to Cr(Ⅵ).Aqueous sodium chloride was then introduced and boiled to precipitate silver.Finally,the chromium content of propane dehydrogenation catalyst was determined by titration with a standard ammonium ferrous sulfate solution,using N-benzyl-o-aminobenzoic acid as the indicator.Based on the preparation process parameters and synthesis requirements of the catalyst,the effects of pretreatment acidity and the presence of interfering ions were investigated.The research results show that when 5 mL of phosphoric acid,12 mL of sulfuric acid and 4 mL of nitric acid are used as the dissolution acid system,the optimal addition amount of ammonium persulfate is 20 mL.The interference ions such as zirconium,sodium and potassium did not affect the titration.According to the experimental method in this study,the relative standard deviation (RSD,n=7) of chromium content was determined to be less than 0.5%,and the recovery rate of standard addition was between 99% and 101.3%,which met the requirements of the test.