Metal-organic frameworks materials(MOFs) have garnered significant attention in energy conversion and environmental catalysis due to their high porosity,tunable structures and multi-functionality.As a typical representative of zirconium-based MOFs,UiO-66 has attracted significant attention in the research of functional MOFs in recent years due to its unique zirconium oxide cluster structure,which demonstrates excellent thermal stability,chemical stability and structural modifability.Benefiting from its highly ordered crystalline structure and diverse modification strategies,functionalized UiO-66 has shown great application potential in electrocatalytic reactions.This paper systematically summarizes the synthesis methods,performance optimization strategies of UiO-66 and its application progress in the field of electrocatalysis,points out the challenges faced by UiO-66 material research at the present stage and the future research focus directions,in order to promote the practical application of UiO-66 in the fields of energy and environment.

Styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer(SBS),as an important thermoplastic elastomer(TPE),has a wide application market.The complete hydrogenation of unsaturated bonds containing benzene rings in SBS to prepare cyclic block copolymers(CBC) can further enhance the material's heat resistance,oxidation resistance and other properties,thereby promoting its application in high-end fields.Heterogeneous catalysts have attracted much attention in the full hydrogenation reaction of polymers due to their high stability and easy separation.Starting from the basic physical properties and reaction mechanisms of SBS polymer molecules,this paper focuses on the research achievements of heterogeneous catalysts in the full hydrogenation reaction of SBS in recent years,and summarizes the selection of heterogeneous catalytic reaction processes and solvents,providing a reference for the development of efficient polymer hydrogenation technologies.

One of the cores of transesterification reactions is the selection and application of catalysts.Compared with metal catalysts,non-metal catalysts do not have the interference of metal ions and have the advantages of being environmentally friendly,low toxicity,structural diversity,controllability and good stability.The development of non-metallic catalysts for transesterification reactions in recent years is introduced.Meanwhile,the preparation methods and specific applications of these catalysts are systematically summarized.The advantages and disadvantages of solid acids,solid bases,enzymes and other non-metallic catalysts are discussed.The current problems of non-metallic catalysts are proposed,and their future development directions and industrial applications are prospected.

In order to prepare oxygen reduction(ORR) catalysts with high efficiency and low cost,the performance regulation mechanism of non-metallic doped carbon-based ORR catalysts was systematically explored through machine learning and experimental verification.Based on literature and experimental data,a multi-dimensional database was constructed.Integrated models such as random forest were adopted to analyze the key influencing factors,and it was found that the N content of graphite is the core regulatory factor of the half-wave potential.When the N content of graphite is used as a label,the pyrolysis rate is identified as a key parameter.Through experimental demonstration,reducing the pyrolysis rate(5~20 ℃·min^-1) can significantly increase the proportion of graphite N (23%~87%).When the pyrolysis rate is optimized to 10 ℃·min^-1,the content of graphite N reaches the peak of 2.14%,corresponding to a half-wave potential higher than 0.82V,and the performance is the best.However,the performance is poor when the pyrolysis rate is 5 ℃·min^-1 and 20 ℃·min^-1.It reveals that pyrolysis kinetics plays a decisive role in graphite N and confirms the high efficiency of machine learning in the analysis of catalyst structure-activity relationships,providing theoretical guidance for the controllable preparation of non-metallic doped carbon-based catalysts.

The removal of oxygen-containing compounds(alcohols accounting for more than 90%) in Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil is crucial for stabilizing downstream products quality and enhancing the utilization efficiency of high-value derivatives.Compared with traditional rectification and adsorption deoxidation,catalytic deoxidation is regarded as the most promising technical route due to its dual advantages of mild reaction conditions(200~300 ℃) and simultaneous realization of alcohol deoxidation and olefin value-added.The η-Al₂O₃ catalyst with appropriate acid-base was prepared by high-temperature calcination using bayerite as the raw material,and its 1-octanol dehydration performance in C10 Fischer-Tropsch oil was evaluated by a continuous fixed-bed reactor.The results show that when the reaction temperature is 330 ℃ and the feed space velocity is 1.15 h^-1,the conversion of 1-octanol is 99%,while the loss rate of 1-decene in C10 Fischer-Tropsch oil is only about 1%.Moreover,η-Al₂O₃ has good stability,after 14 days of reaction,the conversion of 1-octanol is approximately 98%,demonstrating a promising industrial application prospect.

4-Nitrophenol is a common organic pollutant in industrial production.Reducing and converting it into 4-aminophenol,which is less toxic,easily degradable and valuable,is an important way for the green development and efficient resource utilization of chemical production.The Pd@Au nanoparticle catalyst was synthesized by seed growth method for the photocatalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol.Characterization by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy(UV-Vis) indicates that the catalyst has a core-shell structure.The formation of the core-shell structure effectively enhanced the catalytic performance of Pd,increasing the photocatalytic reduction reaction rate by 2.7 times.The reuse experiments show that the catalyst has good reusability.After six cycles of use,it can still maintain 99% of the initial conversion rate.

Beta zeolite were synthesized by the crystal-template agent hydrothermal method and modified by impregnation with rare earth metal Ce and transition metal Cr.The performance of their catalytic synthesis of ethyl levulonate(EL) was investigated.The results showed that the total acid content of the modified samples increased significantly.Under the conditions of n(acid)∶n(alcohol)=2∶3,temperature 150 ℃,catalyst amount of 6% by mass of acetopropionic acid,stirring rate 200 r·min^-1 and reaction for 5 h,the esterification efficiencies of Hβ-7%Ce and Hβ-3%Cr were better than those before modification,and the EL yields were 96.93% and 97.69%,respectively,while also demonstrating excellent regeneration performance.

Separation of alkali nitrogen compounds in petroleum products by ion exchange resin method.Through the adsorption performance tests of three different cation exchange resins,the optimal adsorption conditions were obtained as follows:using macroporous strongly acidic styrene-based cation exchange resin (D001-cc),with a column flow rate of 2 mL·min^-1 and 25% sulfuric acid modification,the average alkali nitrogen removal rate was 93.43%.The optimal elution conditions are as follows:the eluent is ethylamine-ethanol (volume ratio 3∶7),the flow rate is 1 mL·min^-1,the addition amount is 40 mL,and the average elution rate is 80.9%.

In response to the scaling and environmental protection issues existing in the traditional phosphate process,a phosphorus-free polyamine film-forming agent was developed for use in the waste heat boiler of the catalytic cracking unit.By means of the film-forming mechanism and in coordination with the functions of the dispersant and the alkalized amine,efficient protection of the water vapor system is achieved.Industrial tests have shown that this technology not only optimizes the boiler water treatment process but also ensures the safe and stable operation of the system,reduces the boiler blowdown rate,and improves the quality of boiler water and steam.After calculation,39 153 t of desalinated water can be saved annually,equivalent to 1 712 t of standard coal,achieving a net benefit of 1.519 5 million yuan per year.This achievement has verified the engineering applicability of this technology,which is free of phosphating and has low pollutant emissions,providing an efficient and environmentally friendly water treatment solution for refining and chemical plants.

Using copper chloride as the main active component,a mercury-free catalyst was prepared by impregnation method,and the activity of the catalyst was evaluated in a fixed bed reactor.The results showed that the stability of the copper-based catalyst supported on cerium oxide modified carriers was significantly improved.Under the optimized conditions of a reaction temperature of 130 ℃,a space velocity of 50 h^-1,and V(HCl)∶V(C₂H₂)=1.1,the prepared 12%Cu-4%Sn-1%Cs/CeO₂-AC catalyst had an initial activity higher than that of the mercury catalyst.The single-tube test of the catalyst operated for 500 h,achieving an acetylene conversion rate of over 75%.

In order to understand the pollution status of heavy metal elements in the surface sediments of a certain nearshore sea area in Hainan and verify the practical application of the modified geo-accumulation index method,the contents of seven heavy metal elements in the surface sediments of this sea area were determined.The sources and controlling factors of these heavy metals were analyzed,and the pollution degree of contamination was evaluated using both the modified geo-accumulation index method and the potential ecological hazard index method.The results indicate that the content of heavy metals in the surface sediments of the nearshore sea area comply with the Class I standards of “Marine Sediment Quality”.The sources and distribution of five heavy metals,namely Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr and Hg,are primarily controlled by terrestrial inputs of fine-grained materials and adsorption by organic carbon.Cd is mainly controlled by food chain enrichment and marine biogenic sedimentation processes.As is mainly affected by human activities.The evaluation results of the modified geo-accumulation index method and the potential ecological hazard index method demonstrate that the heavy metals in the surface sediments of the study area do not reach contamination levels,indicating good environmental quality.The modified geo-accumulation index method exhibits strong feasibility and effectiveness in practical applications.

A Bordeaux mixture/persulfate (PS) oxidation inactivation system was constructed,taking advantage of its sustained-release property to achieve long-term supply of Cu²⁺ and long-term activation of persulfate,thereby efficiently inactivating pathogenic microorganisms and reducing the risk of secondary pollution.The results show that under the conditions of 0.1%(volume fraction) Bordeaux mixture and 2 mmol·L^-1 PS,the system achieved inactivation efficiencies of 7 log(60 min) and 5.5 log(60 min) for Escherichia coli in pure water and real water matrices,respectively.Within 120 min,the inactivation effects on multiple pathogenic bacteria could all be greater than 99.9%,indicating its broad-spectrum and highly effective disinfection capability.The system also significantly reduced catalyst dosage(15 mg·L^-1) and operational cost(estimated activator cost of 0.18 yuan per cubic meter),providing an efficient and environmentally friendly solution for the disinfection of medical wastewater,and has significant engineering application potential.