Ruthenium-based ammonia synthesis catalysts were prepared using five
kinds of commercial activated carbon as the carriers. Elemental analysis, physica
l adsorption and chemical adsorption was carried out to investigate microstructu
re of the active carbon and dispersion of ruthenium on the catalysts. The activi
ty of barium-promoted Ru/C catalysts was tested at 450 ℃ and 10.0 MPa. It wa
s found that raw material and preparation procedure of the activated carbon has great influence on the composition and surface structure of ruthenium-based catalyst. Ruthenium catalysts supported on the activated carbon with high purity, high surface area, large pore volume and appropriate pore structure usually exhibited higher activity for ammonia synthesis.

Cu/SiO2 catalysts were prepared by homogeneous deposition-precipitation of the mixture of aqueous cuprammonia complex and silica sol, accompanied by heating to remove ammonia. The influence of Cu²⁺ concentration, washing condition and copper loadings (copper-silica molar ratio) were investigated and characterized by BET and XRD. It was shown that preparation condition of the precursor had much influence both on the structure and activity of the catalysts. It was found that low Cu²⁺ concentration and alcohol washing favored formation of mesopore catalysts with high activity, and the catalyst exhibited optimal performance at copper/silica molar ratio of 0.4. The catalyst prepared under optimal condition was used for dimethyl oxalate (DMO) hydrogenation under the following condition: 205 ℃，2 MPa, n(H2)∶n(DMO)=80 and LHSV=1.0 h^-1. DMO conversion of 100%, selectivity to ethyl glycol (EG) of 99.1% and selectivity to methyl glycollate (MG) of 0.9% were obtained, without formation of other by-products.

Latest advances in preparation of ethylene glycol (EG) were reviewed,
including preparation of EG via catalytic hydration from ethylene oxide (EO) and
ethylene carbonate (EC), as well as via syngas. Anion exchange resin, quaternar
y phosphonium halides and Nb₂O₅/α-Al₂O₃ had been used as catalysts to
synthesis
EG from EO. Lower energy consumption, higher EG selectivity and yield were obtai
ned. Synthesis gas-based routes were also introduced in this paper. All methods
were compared and suggestions for the future development were pointed out.

A novel preparation method is described for manufacture of thermal stable supported silver catalysts. Enhanced thermostability is brought about by "anchoring" the silver particles onto silica or other nonmetal oxide materials that has been previously grafted on the carrier. Sintering of the silver particles after calcination was extensively studied by scanning electron microscopy. Thermal stability of the silver catalysts is related to species of grafted material, content and particles size.

Mesoporous materials have welldefined chemical and physical functionalities due to their remarkable properties such as large specific surface area, uniform pore size, adjustable pore structure and so on. They also show potential values in the fields of catalysis, adsorption, separation, sensors, optics, electricity and magnetism. In this paper, the research progress in mesoporous materials, including classification, synthetic methods, synthetic mechanisms and their application were reviewed. The synthetic mechanisms of liquid crystal template, electric charge matching, selfassembly of stickshape, model of cockle sandwich and cooperative formation were described in detail. The prospects of msoporous materials were outlined.

The catalysts with different acidity and pore volume were prepared,and the effects of the  adjustment of Brnsted acid and Lewis acid,and pore volume change of the catalysts on coke selectivity were investigated by means of infrared spectroscopy,N₂ absorption and ACE response evaluation method.The experimental results showed that the increase of Bronsted acid content and the appropriate decrease of Lewis acid content were advantageous to the enhancement of coke selectivity;when the pore volume was less than 0.39 mL·g^-1,the coke factor reduced with the increase of pore volume;when the pore volume was more than 0.39 mL·g^-1,the advantage of coke selectivity brought by the increase of pore volume was not observed.

Fe₃O₄- particles with good dispersion, large surface area and strong magnetism were prepared by coprecititation method and modified using TEOS as the precursor to form Fe₃O₄-SiO₂ particles. Micron-sized magnetic heteropolyacid catalyst was prepared by loading phosphomolybdic heteropoly acid on the magnetic particles by sol-gel method and characterized by means of IR,XRD,SEM and EDS. The results showed that the phosphomolybdic heteropoly acid dispersed on the wall of micropores of SiO₂ and kept Keggin structure, which ensured its high catalytic activity. L₉（3⁴） orthogonal experiment was carried out for esterification of waste oil from catering industry using the magnetic heteropolyacid as the catalyst, with esterification rate of 85.11% under optimal condition as follows: reaction temperature 55 ℃, catalyst dosage=2% of mass of the waste oil, reaction for 5 h.

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ｒｏｄｕｃｔＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ_２Ｏｃａｎ　ｂｅ　ｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄ　ｗｈｉｌ
ｅ　ｅｌｉｍｉｎａｔｉｎｇ　ｃｈｒｏｍｉｕｍ　ｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎ．

Nanoparticle alumina, with peculiar crystallographic structure and surface properties, exhibits higher catalytic activity and selectivity than traditional alumina when used as carrier of catalysts. Preparation of nanoparticle alumina and its application in catalysis was reviewed. Problems with the researches in this field and trends of its developments were outlined too.

With the rapid development of the chemical industry and its related industries,the kinds and the number of biochemical degradation-resistant organic pollutants in the wastewater is increasing.The wastewater caused enormous threat for the ecological environment,and endangered the health of human beings seriously,especially in chemical,pharmaceutical,pesticide,paper and metallurgy industries and so on.The conventional treatment technologies for wastewater such as physical treatment,chemical treatment and biological treatment methods can not meet the increasingly environmental requirements due to the economy and technologies.Therefore,exploring efficient and economical methods to deal with organic pollutants with highly toxicity and biochemical degradation-resistant becomes an important subject in the field of environmental protection.In this paper,the advantages and disadvantages of various treatment methods and processes and the research status were summarized.On the basis of strengthening the research and development of single technology,the new technologies coupled by various treatment techniques were proposed,such as the combination of light-Fenton oxidation treatment process,anaerobic and aerobic combination treatment technology,chemical and biological combination treatment process.The new coupling technologies overcame the shortcomings of traditional treatments of organic wastewater,and had better treatment effects.The research trends for the treatment of high concentration organic wastewater in the future were outlined.

The influence of holding time on microstructures of mullite synthesized by spent FCC equilibrium catalyst were investigated by means of XRD and SEM techniques.The results showed that using spent FCC equilibrium catalyst and commercial Al2O3 as the raw materials,mullite synthesized by solid phase reaction at high temperature was mainly Al_4.59Si_1.41O_9.7,and secondary mullitizatioin took place at the temperature 1 450 ℃;the amount of mullite reached 94wt% within holding time 3 h,and mullite crystal exhibited column shapes.When the holding time was more than 4 h,transition metals integrated into the structural vacancy that increased due to the replacement of Si⁴⁺ by Al³⁺ ,which resulted in reducing the melting point of mullite.Therefore,the holding time was proportional to liquid phase that bonded with mullite,which lead to decreasing the mechanical performance.The holding time had great influence on microstructures of the secondary mullite.

Supported ionic liquids were used as the catalyst for FriedelCrafts acylation of ethylbenzene with phthalic anhydride to 2-(4-ethylbenzoyl) benzoic acid (BE acid). The SiO₂ supports were modified by AlCl₃ solution and mixed acids. Several supported ionic liquids were prepared by impregnation method and characterized by means of FT-IR, BET, SEM and XRD. The effects of supports modification, preparation temperature, loadings of ionic liquids, reaction temperature and catalyst dosage were investigated. The results showed that the supported ionic liquids catalysts exhibited high activity for the acylation reaction, while the selectivity to BE acid was very low. Phthalic anhydride conversion of 100% and selectivity to 2-(4-ethylbenzoyl) benzoic acid of 91.1% were attained after the supports were modified by mixed acid. The catalyst could be used repeatedly after regeneration and selectivity to BE acid of 88.92% was obtained after the catalyst was regenerated.

The technology of synthetic nature gas(SNG) is an effective way for the conversion of high-carbon energy to rich-hydrogen and low-carbon energy.It is an important way of clean utilization of coal that natural gas is prepared from synthesis gas via methanation reaction by using coal as the raw material in future.In this paper,the research status of SNG at home and abroad and the application of methanation reaction in SNG were introduced.The preparation methods and the chemical structural characteristics of the common carriers for supported oxides Ni-based catalyst,such as Al₂O₃,ZrO₂,SiO₂ and TiO₂,and the catalyst additives in methanation catalysts for CO and CO₂  were expounded.The research status of the novel catalyst carriers（MWCNT,SiC and LaFeO₃）,noble metal catalysts,amorphous alloy catalysts and perovskite catalysts,and the effects of their preparation methods on the catalyst performance were discussed.The reasons of catalyst deactivation due to high-temperature sintering,catalyst poisoning and coke deposit were analyzed and the improvement methods of the commercial catalysts for methanation were put forward.The mechanisms of the methylene,the surface carbon and the shift-methanation for CO methanation were described,respectively.There existed various differences among the reaction mechanisms for CO₂ methanation in recent years,but the theory that carbon containing intermediate species were generated  in the catalytic process was recognized.The research directions for methanation catalysts in future,including the development of new methanation catalysts(low temperature catalyst,catalyst doping and modification),new composite carriers,anti-sulfur catalysts(molybdenum,and tungsten based catalysts),development of the new methanation process and the further research on methanation mechanism,were out lined.

The domestic standards for electrostatic precipitator about pressure drop and leakage rate were analyzed.The electrostatic precipitator was evaluated from three aspects,including environment protection,performance and management.In order to effectively control the dust emission,the outlet dust concentration should be reduced below the standard emission limit.The on-line monitoring system was established,body pressure drop and leakage rate was degraded,and the removal efficiency and system operation rate and the product components standardized coefficient was enhanced.The new electrostatic precipitator technologies,including wet electrostatic precipitator and electrical bags composite,were demonstrated.The future research direction for electrostatic precipitator was discussed,including adjustment of dust specific electric resistance by means of adjusting the temperature and humidity of flue gas,adding other chemical substances,selecting appropriate form of electrode and wide spacing,setting reasonable flow guide device,and checking regularly the operating equipment in order to solve the problem of air leakage.According to the practical operation,suitable power supply system and dedusting system will be adopting.

Corrosion-resistant oil is the protecting shield of the metal,and the corrosion inhibitor used in antirust oil of the metal is the core substance to regulate the anticorrosive film of the metal.The anticorrosion mechanism,typical features and the application research status of the corrosion inhibitor used in corrosion-resistant oil of the metal were summarized.The anticorrosion mechanism of oil-soluble corrosion inhibitor in the oil matrix was expounded.Combined with the commercial production situation of oil-soluble corrosion inhibitor in China,the anticorrosion mechanism of oil-soluble corrosion inhibitors and the optimal combination of corrosion inhibitors were studied,which favored to the choice of oil-soluble corrosion inhibitors during commercial production.The research on environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors was also an important direction of corrosion inhibitor development.

Pd/C catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and used in dehydrogenation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole to carbazole.The preparation condition such as pH value,serosity volume and reaction time were optimized by response surface methodology.The optimum condition was attained as follows:pH value 7.86,serosity volume 139.76 mL and reaction time 75.70 min.The yield of carbazole was close to 100% under the optimum condition.

The types,harm and removal methods of nitrogen oxides in the air were summarized. Nitrogen oxides mainly consisted of NO,N₂O and NO₂,which were produced by the combustion of fossil fuel and plants,and the conversion of nitrogen compounds in animal waste and the soil.NOx was one of major formation causes of acid rain and the smog,which had a serious influence on the health of human beings.Selective catalytic reduction technology based on the interaction of reducing agents such as ammonia and catalysts could make NOx into N2 and H₂O,while non-selective catalytic reduction technology achieved the removal of NOx with reducing agents such as ammonia at high temperature.However,the traditional techniques for removing NOx had shortcomings of low removal efficiency and easy production of secondary pollution.Microwave discharge technology could directly decompose NOx to N₂ by producing high-energy electrons,and microwave carbon thermal reduction technology could significantly improve NOx removal ability by utilizeing thermal effects of microwave irradiation on active charcoal.The removal efficiency of NO was more than 96%.The application researches on microwave relating to de-NOx technology in commercial catalytic denitrification field showed that the combination of catalysts,microwave and other techniques was an ideal way of removing the nitrogen oxides,which had a good application prospect.

Latest advances in preparation of ethylene glycol vi
a ethylene carbonate route were reviewed, including reaction mechanism, catalyst system and problem with the catalyst and trends in this field.

Selective catalytic hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes or ketones to the corresponding saturated ones is a demanding task and many studies have been focused on this issue during the past  decades.Design and preparation of the catalysts with high activity,selectivity and  excellent stability are  extremely important for the process of selective catalytic hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.In this paper,research advance on the catalyst，including the active metals,promoters and supports， for selective hydrogenation of  double bond in α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds were reviewed.The mechanism of selective catalytic hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds was  explained  in terms of adsorption models and steric hindrance effect of reactant molecules on metal active sites.The recent technology progress in selective hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes or ketones was introduced.

The reaction mechanism of anthraquinone process for hydrogen peroxide production was  described. The research progress in the solvents was reviewed.It was pointed out that the development tendency of the solvents depended on the enhancement of the solubility of the solvents for the working material.The prospect of the solvents was outlined based on the research advance in the solvents of  anthraquinone  process in recent years.

Invention of ruthenium and non-conventional Fe1-xO-based ammonia synthes
is catalysts represent a breakthrough in ammonia synthesis catalysts. Development of Fe_1-xO-based ammonia synthesis catalysts challenged the traditional theory that Fe₃O₄ was the most effective precursor for ammonia synthesis catalysts, and greatly enhanced their activity. Ru-based ammonia synthesis catalyst is promising as the substitute to the century-long iron-based catalysts. A lot of work have to be done in modification of ruthenium catalysts before the “precious-metal" catalysts become commercially feasible.

Heterogeneous photocatalysis under visible-light has been a focus for researches. Dye-photoactivation, ion-doping, semiconductor compositing and the increasing crystal defects have been used to enhance the phototcatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation, and some mechanisms for photocatalysis under visible-light were proposed. The mechanisms for transmission and separation of the electron-cavity pairs were discussed.

Recent researches in esterification catalyzed by solid acid catalysts, such as zeolites，solid super acids，supported heteropolyacid and sulfonic resin ,were reviewed.

Recent research progress in propane dehydrogenation catalysts was reviewed. The current research situation of the carriers,additives and preparation methods of platinum catalysts were especially introduced. The research prospects of the catalysts for propane dehydrogenation in the future were also outlined.

Advance on ethylbenzene dehydrogenation catalysts was reviewed and the companies that developed and produced ethylbenzene dehydrogenation catalysts were introduced. Based on the development status of ethylbenzene dehydrogenation to styrene,the Smart technology and oxidative dehydrogenation technology were summarized,including the catalysts applied in the new processes.

Polyolefin elastomers (POE) is a new type of ethylene-α-olefin copolymers.Because of the application of metallocene catalytic techniques and introduction of a large number of α-olefins into molecular structures in which certain polyethylene crystalline region is maintained,it possesses the properties of plasticity,elasticity,good mechanical properties,processability and thermal performance.Currently the major manufacturers for POE are Exxon Company,DOW Chemical Company,Mitsui Company and LG Company,and they all adopt the solution polymerization process and metallocene catalyst technology for POE production,such as the representative Insite polymerization process and CGC metallocene catalyst of DOW Chemical Company.Constrained geometry metallocene catalysts(CGC) had single bridged metallocene,and their structural changes had great effects on their catalytic performance.The catalysts with different structures and properties could be obtained by alterring bridge group,alkyl substituents on Cp ring and coordinating groups.Exxon Company developed Exact Plastomers by adopting Exxpol metallocene catalyst ［density (0.860-0.915) g·cm^-3］,including ethylene-octene copolymers,ethylene-hexene copolymers and ethylene-butene copolymers.In addition,using the same catalytic technology and solution method,Exxon Company polymerized propylene-based elastomers named Vitamaxx.In 2003,the ethylene-propylene elastomer plant of 100 kt·a^-1 of Mitsui Elastomers Singapore Company was put into operation,which produced Tafmer elastomer ［density (0.862-0.905) g·cm^-3］ by using metallocene catalyst technology and a unique process of solution polymerization.LG Company of South Korean produced vinyl elastomer named LUCENE ［density(0.865-0.903) g·cm^-3］ by using metallocene catalyst and a unique solution polymerization process.At present there is not a production enterprise of POE in China.Some researches of metallocene catalysts with high copolymerization performance have been reported,which could be applied to development of domestic technology of POE.

The type,technology of and the catalysts for catalytic hydrogenolysis debenzylation reaction and the preparation factors of ‘eggshell’ Pd/C catalyst for debenzylation were reviewed.The direction of the design,development and application of debenzylation Pd/C catalysts was outlined.

The common forming technology and equipments of the solid catalyst,and the effects of operating conditions and additives on mechanical strength,physicochemical properties and catalytic performance of the catalysts in the process of catalyst molding were introduced.The molding principle of different molding method and their application in the process of practical production were reviewed.

The preparation methods for nanosized noble metal catalysts were reviewed in detail, such as chemical reduction, electrochemistry, chemical vapor deposition, microwave and templates. The existing problems in this aspect are pointed out as follows: the preparation technology and the control technology of the stability of nanosized noble metal catalysts are imperfect; the catalysts are easily oxidized in the air, adsorbed moisture and agglomerated quickly, and had low stability. The research on enhancing efficiency of catalytic reaction, optimizing reaction paths and improving reaction rate will be carried out and the commercial application of the nanosized noble metal catalysts will be realized as soon as possible.

This paper reviewed various technologies for manufacture of benzyl alcohol and trends of their developments. It was pointed out that, toluene oxidation, which produces 10%～15%(wt) benzyl alcohol as by-product while manufacturing benzoic acid, is a route of great commercial potential. Advantages and disadvantages of various routes were discussed from viewpoint of “green chemistry”.

Studies on catalyst deactivation in recent years are reviewed in this paper, including causes, mechanism and kinetics for deactivation and developments in catalyst guard.

Latest advances in preparation of ethylene glycol via ethylene oxide catalytic hydration were reviewed, including reaction mechanism, catalysts system, problems with currently-used catalysts and trends in this field.

Latest advances in the researches in and application of nanoparticle silver were reviewed. Different physicochemical preparation methods for nanoparticle silver were described, including chemical reduction, photoreduction, electroche mistry, sol-gel and vacuum steam-plating. The application of nanoparticle silver in antibiotic materials and catalysis was outlined and problems with its preparation as well as development trends in this field pointed out.

Several p rocess techno logies fo r synthesis of P-am inophenol are reviewed . Their advantage and disavantage are also been discussed。

The kinetics for heterogeneous hydrolysis of methyl acetate over ammon
ium heteropoly acids was studied. The results showed that the methyl acetate hyd
rolysis reaction is a secondary reversible reaction. The complete kinetic equat
ion is follows:
－r=－dc_MeAc/dt=kc_MeAcc_{H2 O}－c_MeOHc_HAc/K where ]=exp(0.81461－873.6232/T);k=221.
4exp(－6260/T).
The activation energy E₊=52.02 kJ·mol^－1;E_-=44.7 kJ·mol-¹. The reaction rat
e constant k₊=12.84 L²·(mol·min·g)^－1
，
higher than that of resin catalyst ［6.453 L²·(mol·min·g)^－1］.The a
mmonium heteropoly acids is promising as a n
ew catalyst for hydrolysis of methyl acetate in suspension catalytic distillatio
n system,in stead of resin catalyst in fixed bed reactor.

The advances and application of in situ testing techniques in catalytic studies were reviewed, especially the application of in situ FT-IR characterization. Several novel in situ characterization techniques were outlined, too.

Catalytic transfer hydrogenation is a method widely used in organic synthesis, using other hydrogen- containing multi-atoms substance as the hydrogen sources instead of hydrogen. This method features high safety, low reaction temperature, low requirement on equipment and higher selectivity. It is widely adopted in both homogeneous organic synthesis, especially in asymmetric synthesis, and heterogeneous hydrogenation. Latest advances in catalytic transfer hydrogenation were reviewed.

Fixing of titanium dioxide thin film is the key to commercialization of
photocatalytic air purification techniques. Latest advances in preparation of t
itanium dioxide thin film by sol-gel method for photocatalytic air purification
were reviewed in this paper, including various factors affecting the sol-gel p
reparation and their influences on the photocatalytic properties. The way to enh
ancement of photoactivity and development of fixed film reactor for this purpose
were outlined, too.

The modified dealumination H-Mordenite(DHM) zeolites with different MgO loadings were prepared by impregnation method and characterized by XRD, NH3-TPD and in-situ FT-IR with Py adsorption〖JP〗. The results showed that MgO (less than 4% loadings) was well dispersed on the surface of DHM. The NH₃-TPD acid amount of the DHM with MgO modification was decreased from 0.49 mmol·g^-1 to 0.22 mmol·g^-1. DHM catalyst modified with 1wt%MgO showed maximum selectivity to propylene of 25.93% and C₂-C₄ olefin of 49.08% under the typical activity test condition as follows: 0.1 MPa, 450 ℃, W/F＝10 g·h·mol^-1.Compared with DHM, the selectivity to olefins over MgO modified DHM was obviously enhanced.

Methylamine is an important organic chemical material. Promoted by marketing requirement,the development of high selectivity catalyst for preparing dimethylamine from methanol and ammonia by gas phase amination method has become a research hotspot.The use and market demand status of methylamine,and research progress in relative catalysts and technology for shape-selective synthesis of dimethylamine were reviewed.