Industrial Catalysis 2003 Vol.11

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Advances in the development of structured catalysts
ZHANG Yiqun;YU Liting;MA Jianxin
  
Abstract897)      PDF(pc) (424KB)(1248)       Save
Compared with traditional pellet or granular catalysts, structured catalysts possess many advantages, such as low pressure drop and negligible concentration and/or temperature gradients. This paper reviewed current application of structured catalysts in catalytic converter, catalytic combustion, and catalytic distillation, as well as in methanation, steam reforming, hydrogenation/ dehydrogenation, hydrogen production, and some threephase reactions.
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Development and application of LGO series olefinreducing RFCC catalyst
ZOU Xubiao;QIN Song;MAO Xuewen
  
Abstract858)      PDF(pc) (372KB)(1131)       Save
The key to reducing olefin content in FCC gasoline is to increase the hydrogen transfer capability in FCC reaction to saturate the olefin in gasoline. A series of olefin reducing RFCC catalysts (LGO-20, LGO-21) and promoter (LGO-A) were jointly developed by the Research Institute of Petroleum Processing (RIPP) and PetroChina Lanzhou Petrochemical Corporation (LPCC). The active components and their proportion are adjustable according to characteristics of the unit and target products. By adjusting process condition, olefin content in RFCC gasoline can be reduced by 10-15% and controlled around 40% and RON above 90 while maintaining high residual oil load (about 65%-70%) in the feed. LGO-21 catalyst can meanwhile increase diesel yield.
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Development of the second generation atmospheric residue HDS catalysts
JIANG Shaoyang;WANG Gang;WANG Yonglin;SUN Suhua; LI Yakun
  
Abstract873)      PDF(pc) (269KB)(1145)       Save
SINOPEC Funshun Research Institute of Petroleum and
Petrochemicals(FRIPP) have concentrated herself on the development of the second generation atmospheric residue HDS catalyst since successful marketing of her first generation atmospheric residue HDS catalyst. The sencond generation atmospheric residue HDS catalyst is prepared by extruding technique , and the active components are incorporated by impregnating or complete mixing, which considerably lowers the cost of catalyst manufacture and gives the final catalysts large pore volume, high surface area and appropriate bulk density. Besides, activity and stability of the second generation atmospheric residue HDS catalyst are better than that of the first generation.
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Commercial application of two propylene polymerization catalysts
WEN Jun;HUANG Fang
  
Abstract828)      PDF(pc) (213KB)(1193)       Save
Reaction parameters that were adapted to practical occasion were obtained from commercial application of two propylene polymerization catalysts and influence of the catalysts on output and quality was discussed.Production of high melting index(MI) polypropylene was explored, too.
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Application of TiSiW12O40/TiO2 in synthesis of esters
YANG Shuijin;LIANG Yongguang
  
Abstract857)      PDF(pc) (372KB)(1169)       Save
Application of TiSiW12O40/TiO2 catalysts in synthesis of esters such as monocarboxylic esters, dicarboxylic esters, hydroxycarboxylic esters, chloroacetate esters, benzoic esters, Nipagin esters, glucose esters w
as reviewed with 20 references.
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Latest researches in CO oxidation catalysts
WEI Shimin;DU Fanglin;Zhang Zhikun
  
Abstract871)      PDF(pc) (428KB)(1382)       Save

The oxidation of CO plays important roles in control of automotive emi
ssion and theoretical research. Noble metals, as CO oxidation catalysts, have go
od activity and long service life. But with the deficiency of noble metal resour
ces and the escalation of their price, it is necessary to search for alternativ
es for noble metal catalysts. More attention is being paid to the roles of rare
earth in CO oxidation catalysts. Noble metals, nonnoble metals and rareearth
catalysts were reviewed in this article.

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Nitrous oxide catalytic decomposition over AgCl/H-ZSM-5 and deactivation mechanism of the catalyst
SONG Qing-ying;TENG Jia-wei
  
Abstract857)      PDF(pc) (302KB)(1139)       Save
AgCl/H-ZSM-5 catalyst was prepared using hydrothermal synthesis metho
d and its catalytic activity for NO decomposition studied. AgCl/H-ZSM-5 exhibi
ted certain catalytic activity for decomposition of NO, with dramatic change in
its structure during the reaction. XRD, MASNMR and EDAX were used to character
ize the catalyst to investigate the relationship between activity and structural
change of carrier or active components.
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Synthesis of Mesopore-Micropore Composite Molecular Sieves
MA Guang-wei;GE Xue-gui;HUANG Shao-yun
  
Abstract803)      PDF(pc) (232KB)(1467)       Save
By using cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide as the sole template and u
nder hydrothermal condition, mesopore-micropore composite molecular sieves were synthesized. The as-synthesized composite molecular sieves showed diffraction peaks at small and large angle regions in their XRD patterns, which correspond to mesopore and micropore structure. IR spectra showed that the as-synthesized sample had characteristic absorption bands of mesopore and micropore molecular sieves. N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms of as-synthesized samples showed that the sample is a composite molecular sieve. Corresponding BJH pore size distribution of the material indicated that there were two kinds of pores with pore size mainly concentrated at 3nm and 11nm.
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Process of crystallization of SAPO-56 molecular sieve and its catalytic performance
YANG Yi-qing; LIU Hong-xing;XIE Zai-ku;CHEN Qing-ling
  
Abstract848)      PDF(pc) (287KB)(1110)       Save
Molecular sieve SAPO?-56 was hydrothermally synthesized using N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,6-dihexane as template. The effects of crystallization time on structure of SAPO-56 was investigated by NMR, XRD and SEM. Catalytic performance of SAPO-56 for methanol-to-olefins reaction was studied.
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Preparation of magnesia-alumina spinel and its application in catalytic reaction
JIANG Rui-xia;XIE Zai-ku;ZHANG Cheng-fang;CHEN Qing-ling
  
Abstract989)      PDF(pc) (419KB)(2762)       Save
Magnesia-alumina spinel, as an important cat
alytic material, is applicable both as catalyst and as catalyst support. Preparation of magnesia-alumina spinel and its application in catalytic reaction were reviewed in this paper.
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Commercial application of GX2225 antioxidant in manufacture of BOPP
SHE Xianwan
  
Abstract834)      PDF(pc) (249KB)(1305)       Save
A highefficiency antioxidant GX2225 was employed in manufacture of biaxial
orientation polypropylene (BOPP) instead of conventional B225 anti
oxidant. The results showed that qualified BOPP with low ash content and good
processability, antioxidation property and optical performance can be manufactur
ed with the antioxidant.
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Qualitative design in preparation techniques
for typical commercial catalysts
HAO Shu-ren; XU Xing-zhong; CHENG Yu-chun
  
Abstract836)      PDF(pc) (290KB)(1332)       Save
The main theories and views concerning variou
s catalytic functions and procedures for macroscopic qualitative design of catal
ysts were reviewed, and some research and design concepts were illustrated quali
tatively taking typical commercial catalysts as examples.
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Development of DZD-1 diesel hydrofining catalyst
WANG Gang;ZHAO Ye;HU Sheng;ZHANG Qing-wu;TIAN Ran
  
Abstract775)      PDF(pc) (377KB)(1207)       Save
A deep hydrodesulfurization and hydrodearomatization catalyst was developed for
single-stage diesel hydrofining. Results from bench-scale, pilot and 1500 h st
ab
ility tests showed that activity of the catalyst is superior to that of a typic
al domestic reference catalyst, and performance of the catalyst meets the requir
ement of commercial production of diesel oil conforming to current national stan
dard.
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Investigation on the strength of the catalyst for synthesis of diethyl oxalate
from carbon monoxide
WANG Bao-wei; MA Xin-bin; XU Gen-hui
  
Abstract688)      PDF(pc) (300KB)(1134)       Save
Crush strength of the support and the catalyst for gaseous synthesis of diethyl
oxalate from carbon monoxide was tested. The results indicated that crush streng
th of the support and the catalyst increased evidently with calcination temperat
ure, with remarkable strength difference among different types of alumina. The
α-alumina prepared via different methods also showed different strength. Rupture
strength increased slightly with the calcination temperature. Strength of the ca
talyst increased with calcination temperature more rapidly than that of the sup
port. Therefore, strength difference between the catalyst and the support increa
sed with calcination temperature. Strength of the catalyst increased with increm
ent of promoter loading, while loading of active components has little influence
on strength of the catalyst. No deterioration in strength of the catalyst was o
bserved after 1000 hours of test.
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Preparation of methanol synthesis gas by methane steam r
eforming over Z type catalyst with carbon dioxide supplement
GE Hui-ming; XIA Dai-kuan
  
Abstract833)      PDF(pc) (228KB)(1185)       Save
A methane steam reforming test was carried ou
t over CNYQ, Z-2 and Z-3 catalyst, respectively, with supplement of carbon dio
xide for preparation of methanol synthesis gas. The test results showed that H2/CO of the resultant synthesis gas, prepared by steam reforming at 600-850 ℃ w
i
th supplement of appropriate amount of CO2, was suitable for methanol synthesi
s. Z series catalyst is applicable to preparation of methanol synthesis gas vi
a CH4-H2O-CO2 reforming to meet the need of some methanol synthesis pla
nts.
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Application of NC306 catalyst in a low-pressure methan
ol plant
ZHAO Shao-min;CHEN Shu-zhen; HU Fu-sheng
  
Abstract766)      PDF(pc) (247KB)(1139)       Save
Application of NC306 methanol synthesis catalyst in a 100 kt/a low-pressure met
h
anol plant at Yankuang Lunan Fertiliser Plant was described. The influences of c
o
mposition of inlet gas and H2/C on methanol synthesis results were di
scussed and measures for protection of the catalyst proposed.
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Synthesis of ethyl cinnamate catalyzed by inorganic soli
d acid
YU Shan-xin1; WEN Rui-ming2
  
Abstract919)      PDF(pc) (224KB)(1348)       Save
Ethyl cinnamate was synthesized by esterification of cinnamic acid with ethanol
in the presence of stannic chloride pentahydrate catalyst. The effects of amount
of the catalyst, cinnamic acid/ethanol molar ratio and reaction time on the yie
ld of
ethyl cinnamate were investigated. Yield of 91.4% was attained under the followi
ng condition: cinnamic acid∶ethanol∶stannic chloride =1∶7.5∶0.22, reflux,
3
h. The catalytic activity of ferric chloride hexahydrate, ammonium ferric sulfat
e dodecahydrate and sodium bisulfate monohydrate were also investigated for synt
hesis of ethyl cinnamate.
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Latest researches in catalytic reduction of NOx from diesel engine
PEI Mei-xiang;HUANG Zhen;SHANGGUAN Wen-feng
  
Abstract789)      PDF(pc) (383KB)(1604)       Save
The latest researches in catalytic reduction of NOx from diesel engine were re
vi
ewed with respect to characteristics of different technologies and trends of dev
elopment in this field.
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Application of zirconia-supported catalyst
YANG Shu-mei; DENG Shu-hua; HUANG Hui-min; YU Shuang-ping
  
Abstract857)      PDF(pc) (384KB)(2300)       Save
Zirconia, as the only metal oxide that is both acidic and alkaline, and both oxi
dant and reducing, and meanwhile a p-semiconductor , is a superior
catalytic sup
port to other materials. Application of zirconia-supported catalysts and its su
p
er solid acids was reviewed in this article. Influences of doping appropriate am
ount of promoters on the catalytic properties were discussed, too.
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Preparation of a magnesia-alumina spinel catalyst suppo
rt with hydrothermal method
LI Jun;ZHOU Xiao-qi;SONG Zhi-an;WANG You-kun;HUO Shang-yi
  
Abstract859)      PDF(pc) (320KB)(1755)       Save
Magnesia-alumina spinel, when used as cataly
st support, is superior to alumina in that it enhances strength of the catalyst
while endowing the catalyst with alkalinity, which favors its shift activity. Th
e spinel is also superior to alumina in its property and phase stability and muc
h higher tolerance to hydration. Hydrothermal synthesis of magnesia-alumina spi
nel was studied. Magnesia-alumina precursor powder was prepared using appropria
te mineralizer and promoters. The precursor was then dried and calcined to form
support with the structure of magnesia-alumina spinel. Test results showed that
the support, with initial strength of 160 N/cm, exhibited strength of 150 N/cm
af
ter hydrothermal treatment, which meets the requirement of high pressure and hig
h steam/gas operation.
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Application of CMMS and DCPMS in propylene polymerization
XU Zhao-hui1;YU Shi-jin2;XIA Jian-hui1;XIAO Zheng-lan3;WANG Sheng1
  
Abstract841)      PDF(pc) (218KB)(1133)       Save
CMMS and DCPMS were used as electron donors in combination with CS-1 and CS-2
propylene p
olymerization catalysts .The test results showed that CMMS and
DCPMS, as two effective promoters for polymerization catalyst, can improve isota
cticity of PP in the following order: DCPMS> CMMS >DDS.
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Functional mechanism of Zigler-Natta catalyst for propylene polymerization
WANG Zhi-wu
  
Abstract892)      PDF(pc) (322KB)(1691)       Save
Functional mechanism of Zigler-Natta catalyst for propylene polymerization was discussed. The influences of magnesium dichloride, internal electron donor, external electron donor and hydrogen concentration on the activity and isotacticity were reviewed, too.
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Advances in the catalysts for synthesis of vinyl acetate from acetylene and acetic acid
CHEN Chen;LIN Xingyi;CHEN Xiaohui;ZHENG Qi
  
Abstract840)      PDF(pc) (421KB)(2529)       Save
Advances in catalyst support, active component and reaction mechanism of the catalysts for vinyl acetate synthesis from acetylene and acetic acid were reviewed and trends of development in this field outlined.
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Commercial application of DZ-10D hydrofining catalyst
WANG Yuan-qi;HAO He-chao;MENG Fan-zhe;CUI Shan-hua
  
Abstract736)      PDF(pc) (298KB)(868)       Save
The first commercial application of DZ-10D hydrofining catalyst at the refinery of PetroChina Daqing Petroleum Company was described. During its application in diesel oil hydrofining, DZ-10D exhibited low initial reaction temperature, slow equilibrium temperature rise , low equilibrium temperature and good operatability. Capacity of the unit was greatly enhanced as the result.
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Commercial application of RN-1 diesel oil hydrogenation catalyst
CHENG Qi-han
  
Abstract778)      PDF(pc) (272KB)(960)       Save
Commercial application of RN-1 diesel oil hydrogenation catalyst in Sinopec Anqing Co. showed that the catalyst, manufactured by Sinopec Changling Catalyst Works, features low initial temperature, good stability, high space velocity and high hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation(HDN) activity and meet the requirement on higher quality diesel oil.
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Application of LBO-16H olefin-reducing catalyst in a gas oil FCC unit

WANG Wen-ting;SONG Xu-li
  
Abstract901)      PDF(pc) (322KB)(1190)       Save
The first commercial use of modified LBO-16H olefin-reducing catalyst in a gas oil FCC unit was described, including the influence of employing the catalyst on the product distribution and product quality.
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Study on preparation and hydrofining of vaseline from slack wax
WANG Shi-xin;YUAN Ping-fei;ZHANG Zhong-qing
  
Abstract845)      PDF(pc) (242KB)(1023)       Save
Slack wax from vacuum distillate cut was used to reformulate raw vaseline. The latter was then hydrogenated on FV-1 catalyst under high pressure. The vaseline product is applicable to medical and cosmetic purpose conforming to GB1790-94, BP2000 and SH0008-90 standards.
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Disproportionation of toluene and transalkylation between toluene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene over β zeolite catalyst
DU Ying-chun;PAN Chong-hua
  
Abstract895)      PDF(pc) (325KB)(1145)       Save
Disproportionation of toluene and transalkylation between toluene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene over β zeolite catalyst were studied in liquid-solid reactor. The appropriate operating conditions were as follows: 280 ℃, 3.5 MPa, toluene WHSV 4 h-1 and nH2/nT=4 for disproportionation of toluene, and 280 ℃, 3.5 MPa, WHSV 4 h-1nH2/(nT+nTMB)=2 and nT/nTMB=2 for transalkylation. Under the experimental condition, toluene conversion of 47.26% and total selectivity to benzene and xylene of 93.50% were obtained for disproportionation of toluene; total toluene and trimethylbenzene conversion of 47.17%, selectivity to xylene of 83.25% and xylene yield of 39.26% were obtained for transalkylation.
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Study on a catalyst for liquid-phase hydrogenation of unsaturated 2-ethylhexanal and 2-ethylhexenol in 2-ethylhexanol
YANG Xia1,2;CHENG Yu-chun1;YIN Chang-xue1;QIN Yong-ning2
  
Abstract926)      PDF(pc) (286KB)(1263)       Save
A new catalyst for liquid-phase hydrogenation of 2-ethylhexanal and 2-ethylhexenol in 2-ethylhexanol was prepared by co-precipitation. The test results showed that the doping of aluminum promoter and different incorpoprating way of the support affect hydrogenation activity of the catalyst. Pore structure and reduction performance of the catalyst was investigated by mercury pressure porosimeter and TPR tests, respectively. Hydrogenation activity of the catalyst was tested on a small pressurized apparatus. The results showed that (1) hydrogenation conversion of 90% for 2-ethylhexanal and 80% for 2-ethylhexenol was obtained on the catalyst, respectively, with enhancement of 2-ethylhexanol content in the hydrogenated product by 0.5 percentage point; (2) incorporation of aluminum into Ni/SiO2 promotes hydrogenation activity of the catalyst, and (3) reduction temperature of the catalyst should be lower than 600 ℃.
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Catalytic conversion of high-boiling components in silicone to dimethyldichlorosilane
ZHAO Jian-bo;ZHANG Ning
  
Abstract883)      PDF(pc) (325KB)(1363)       Save
During the preparation of methylchlorosilane via direct synthesis (Muller-Rochow method), large quantity of high-boiling components form as byproduct along with the target compound-dimethyldichlorosilane. Advances in the catalytic conversion of the high-boiling component in silicone to dimethyldichlorosilane by splitting decomposition and disproportionation were reviewed.
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Synthesis of benzaldehyde hexyl mercaptal spice on supported heteropolyacid catalyst
NIE Guo-chao
  
Abstract854)      PDF(pc) (258KB)(1232)       Save
Benzaldehyde hexyl mercaptal was synthesized using phosphotungstic acid supported on cationic exchange resin as the catalyst .The factors affecting the condensation yield were investigated. The results showed that the optimum conditions are as follows: benzaldehyde∶hexyl mercaptan∶catalyst∶dichloromethane=1mol∶2.15mol∶20g∶350ml; reaction temperature 43℃,reflux,reaction time 5.0 h. Yield of over 86.3% was obtained under the optimum condition. The catalyst can be used repeatedly.
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Decomposition of 1,2-dichlorobenzene through catalytic oxidation
WU Xi-ning, PANG Ju-ling, CAO Wu-xuan, WANG Tong, ZHANG Xiao-hui ,DENG Chun-ling, MA Jian-ping
  
Abstract865)      PDF(pc) (238KB)(1122)       Save
Decomposition of 1,2-dichlorobenzene over TiO2-V2O5-WO3 and other supported catalysts was studied in laboratory for selecting proper catalyst for abatement of dioxins in flue gas from solid waste incinerator. The test results showed that 1,2-dichlorobenzene decomposition efficiency of over 90% was obtained at 300 ℃ and space velocity 7000 h-1over TiO2-V2O5-WO3 catalyst .
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Preparation and application of nickelbased catalysts
WANG Zhen;WANG Ya-ming;LUO Kang-bi
  
Abstract785)      PDF(pc) (343KB)(1491)       Save
The preparation and application of nickel-based catalysts were reviewed, including preparation via crushing, leaching, impregnation and plasma techniques as well as their application.
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Developments of the catalysts for conversion from tar in cracking gas of biomass
DUAN Hua-chao1;LI Zeng-xi2;LIU Yuan1
  
Abstract942)      PDF(pc) (345KB)(1347)       Save
The existence of tar in cracking gas of biomass has reverse effect on the calori
c value of cracking gas and the subsequent manufacturing process.So the onversion of tar is very important for the production of synthesis gas. The catalyst systems for conversion of tar in cracking gas of biomass were reviewed in this article.
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Latest advances in the researches in and application of nanoparticle silver
YANG Yu-wang;LIU Jing-li
  
Abstract900)      PDF(pc) (333KB)(3292)       Save
Latest advances in the researches in and application of nanoparticle silver were reviewed. Different physicochemical preparation methods for nanoparticle silver were described, including chemical reduction, photoreduction, electroche mistry, sol-gel and vacuum steam-plating. The application of nanoparticle silver in antibiotic materials and catalysis was outlined and problems with its preparation as well as development trends in this field pointed out.
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Study on C3 cut selective hydrogenation catalyst supported on porous ceramics
ZHANG De-quan1;LIU Jun-xia2;GAO Jin-liang2;LI Dong-feng3;ZHANG Ji-rui1
  
Abstract898)      PDF(pc) (364KB)(1355)       Save
Palladium catalyst for selective hydrogenation C3 cut, supported on porous ceramics modified by alumina coat , was prepared. The results from microactivity test showed that catalyst supported on the caramics exhibited large surfacearea, uniform loading of active component and high activity and selectivity.
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Researches in and application of desulfurization catalysts for treatment of reformer feedstocks
GAO Jun-wen;LI Xuan-zhi;WANG Ya-li;CAO Xiao-ling
  
Abstract887)      PDF(pc) (208KB)(1159)       Save
For protection of the precious metal reforming catalyst,strict limit is put on sulfur content of reformer feeds. The desulfurization catalysts for this purpose are classified according to the active components as follows: alkaline earth, NiO/MgO/Al2O3 or MnO/Al2O3, ZnO and nickel-based catalysts. Latest advances in the development and application of the desulfurization catalysts for treatment of reformer feeds were reviewed. TCS-18 desulfurization catalysts, developed by Northwest Research Institute of Chemical Industry, was described in detail.
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Synthesis and characterization of methane sulfonates and their catalytic activities for esterification
WANG Min;JIANG Heng;GONG Hong;WANG Rui
  
Abstract886)      PDF(pc) (173KB)(1248)       Save
Methane sulfonates of magnesium, aluminum, calcium, ferrous iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, barium, lanthanide, cerous cerium, praseodymium and neodymium were synthesized and characterized by TGA and FTIR. Catalytic activity of the methanesulfonates was studied and compared with other Lewis acids under the following condition : n-butanol-to-acetic-acid molar ratio=1.1/1, catalyst loading=0.25% (molar percentage of acetic acid), reaction time 2.5 h, 80-85 ℃ and 2.5 ml cyclohexane as water-carrying agent. The experimental results showed that methanesulfonates of lanthanide, copper, calcium exhibited the highest catalytic activity , with butyl acetate yield of over 90.0%. Methanesulfonate of copper, calcium, zinc can be reused by simple phase-separation without remarkable loss of catalytic activity.
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Synthesis of allyl glycidyl ether by phase-transfer catalysis
LIU Hong-li;ZHANG Zheng-lin;ZOU Jian-zhong
  
Abstract1195)      PDF(pc) (123KB)(1502)       Save
Allyl glycidyl ether was synthesized from allyl alcohol and epichlorohydrin by phase transfer catalysis. Effects of reaction time, temperature, allyl-alcohol-to-epichlorohydrin ratio and quantity of base on yield of allyl glycidyl ether were investigated. The results showed that the maximum yield of up to 88% was attainable under the following condition: n(allyl alcohol)∶n(epichlorohydrin)∶n(solid base)∶n(catalysis)=1∶1.5∶1.5∶1, reaction time 1 h, 50-60 ℃.
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Development and commercial test of a low-temperature NOx SCR catalyst
TENG Jia-wei;SONG Qing-ying;YU Lan
  
Abstract941)      PDF(pc) (189KB)(846)       Save
An alumina-supported copper catalyst for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 at low temperature was developed. Bench-scale and commercial tests showed that content of copper and the promoter, calcination temperature and space velocity has remarkable influence on NO conversion. The catalyst featured wide operating temperature “window”,high activity and good crush strength. Commercial test showed that NO conversion of 99.6% was obtained under the following condition: 280 ℃,inlet NOx concentration 21562 mg/m3 , space velocity of 4100 h-1.
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