Fixing of titanium dioxide thin film is the key to commercialization of
photocatalytic air purification techniques. Latest advances in preparation of t
itanium dioxide thin film by sol-gel method for photocatalytic air purification
were reviewed in this paper, including various factors affecting the sol-gel p
reparation and their influences on the photocatalytic properties. The way to enh
ancement of photoactivity and development of fixed film reactor for this purpose
were outlined, too.

Advances in the technologies and catalysts for heavy distillates and g
as oil hydrotreatment were reviewed. Nebula catalyst, developed by AkzoNobel ,
Centinel catalysts, developed by Sinopec Criterion, and some of the hydrotreati
ng catalysts , developed by Fushun Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals (FRIPP), were described in detail.

A highly-active olefin-reducing catalyst was prepared by impregnation using γ-Al₂O₃ as the carrier and transitional metals as the active components. I
nfluences of temperature, pressure and space velocity on olefin-reducing result

were investigated for treatment of FCC gasoline. The results showed that olefin
content in FCC gasoline (volumetric fraction) was brought down from 60% to less
than 10%, which is far below the national standard, with octane number up to th
e standard.

The distribution of sulfur and olefin in domestic FCC gasoline and OCT-M F
CC gasoline selective hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process, developed by Sinopec Fushun Research Institute of Petroleum Processing (FRIPP), were described. Selevtive hydrotreatment of domestic and abroad FCC gasoline was carried out at 1.6-3.0 MPa,260～280 ℃, LHSV of 3.0～6.0 h^－1 and hydrogen-to-oil volumetric ratio of 300∶1-500∶1, with HDS efficiency of 85%-90%, olefin level reduction by 7.0～13.0 percentage points ,RON drop of less than 2.0, (RON+MON)/₂ loss of less than 1.5, and gasoline yield of over 98.0%. OCT-M process has been applied to a commercial unit with satisfactory results.

Under the condition of homogenous mixing of catalyst particles and Canon rings,
influence of catalyst packing fraction on the preparation of ethlybenzene with e
thylene in dry gas over β-zeolite catalyst by catalytic distillation was studi
ed in this paper. Influence of catalyst packing fraction on hydrodynamics of the catalyst bed and on the alkylation were investigated. The experimental results showed that catalyst packing fraction played an important role in hydrodynamics of the catalyst bed and conversion of the ethylene. The appropriate catalyst packing fraction should be 10%-30%(V).

Several catalysts for vapor-phase synthesis of N-ethylaniline
from aniline and ethanol were prepared and studied. The process condition was determined and stability of the catalyst investigated using an integral reactor. Surface acidity of the catalysts was characterized by means of NH3-TPD. The results showed that 〖WTBX〗N〖WTBZ〗-ethylation of aniline took place on Lewis acid sites of weak acidity. Commercial trial operation of the process using commercial scale-up catalyst obtained satisfactory results.

Synthesis of isoamyl caproate from caproic acid and isoamyl alcohol over ferric
chloride with the aid of microwave irradiation was studied. The optimum reaction condition was determined as follows: isoamyl- alcohol-to-caproic-acid molar ratio
= 1.5∶1, quantity of the catalyst = 5.1%, irradition power 420 W, reaction time = 20 min. Isoamyl caproate yield of over 90% was obtained under the optimum condition.

Mesoporous B-SBA-15 molecular sieves were synthesized by direct and
indirect method, respectively. Tributyl citrate was synthesized from citric acid
and butanol over B-SBA-15 catalysts. The results showed that the catalyst obt
ained by indirect method exhibited higher activity than that by direct method. T
he influences of citric-acid-to-butanol molar ratio, reaction temperature, an
d quantity of the catalyst on esterification were investigated. Optimum silica-t
o-boric mass ratio for synthesis of the catalyst was 30∶1 Optimum reaction co
ndition for synthesis of tributyl citrate was as follows: 130 ℃; citric-acid-t
o-butanol molar ratio=1∶1;catalyst-to-reactant mass ratio=1.5%; reaction
time=5 h.Repeated use of B-SBA-15 indicated that the catalyst has high stabi
lity under esterification condition.

Natural sepiolite was activated by acid-treatment under different cond
itions and used as the support. Several Au/sepiolite catalysts for selective cat
alytic reduction (SCR) of NOx by CO were prepared by impregnation, using Au(PP
h₃)(NO₃) as the precursor. The optimum acid-treatment condition for sepiolite w
as determined by orthogonal experiments. Activity of Au/sepiolite for NO reducti
on was investigated. The catalyst samples were characterized by TGA, XRD, BET and IR. The results showed that Au/sepiolite catalysts exhibited satisfactory acti
vity for SCR of NOx by CO.

The effects of alkali metal promoters on the catalytic performance of
Pt/γ-Al₂O₃ for preferential oxidation(PROX) of CO in hydrogen-rich strea
m were studied. The results showed that doping of alkali metal promoters had different influences on the performance of Pt/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst. The doping of Na and K promoters increased the conversion of CO at low temperature.

SO^2－₄ /Fe₂O₃-γ-Al₂O₃(SFA) solid superacid catalyst
s were prepared by adhesion of γ-Al₂O₃ nanoparticle fibre to solid superacid
SO^2－₄ /Fe₂O₃-γ-Al₂O₃(SF) prepared by impregnation. Activity of the catalyst was tested via esterification of acetic acid and butyl alcohol. Activity of the catalysts was investigated for different catalyst types, different doping quantity of [JP3]γ-γ-Al₂O₃, different calcination temperature, different calcination time,[JP3] different impregnation liquors and different impregnation liquor concentration.

Cu/ZrO₂ catalyst for dehydrogenation of diethanolamine to diglycolamid
ic salt was prepared from copper nitrate and zirconium perchlorate by co-precip
itation using sodium hydroxide as precipitating agent. Favorable preparation conditions of the catalyst were investigated by orthogonal design experiment and influences of different preparation factors on the test results discussed.Diglycolamidic salt yield of 96% was obtained over the catalyst prepared under the optimum preparation condition.

The preparation methods for hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTLcs) and applicatio
n of mixed oxides catalysts; using hydrotalcite-like compounds as their precurs
or; as new environmentally friendly catalysts in catalytic removal of SO₂ and
NOx in flue gas were reviewed. It was pointed out that future efforts should be
made on development of HTLcs catalysts that can simultaneously remove SO₂and
NOx by oxidative adsorption.

The performance of ZSM-5 zeolite modified by different amount of phos
p
horus in catalytic cracking of mixed C₄^+olefins were studied in a fixed-fl
uidiz
ed bed. ³¹PMASNMR spectra of the modified zeolite showed that phosphorus
react
ed with the hydroxyls of the framework and thus improved catalytic properties an
d hydrothermal stability of the catalyst. Higher GHSV and steam partial pressure
favors the selectivity to propylene by inhibiting the hydrogen transfer reactio
n during cracking of olefins.

Cu/CeO₂catalysts for water-gas shift (WGS) reaction were prepared by co-pre
cipi
tation,and the influence of copper loadings on the catalytic performance of cat
alysts was investigated. The results showed that Cu/CeO₂catalysts exhibited e
xc
ellent WGS activity due to the combined effects of copper oxide and cerium dioxi
de, and copper loadings had remarkable influence on the catalytic activity. Opti
mum activity was obtained at copper loading (mass fraction) of 50% in Cu/CeO₂ catalyst,with CO conversion of 661% at 200 ℃.Compared with FBD iron-based
HTS catalyst,Cu/CeO₂catalysts features higher activity at low-temperature and
wider temperature range for maintaining its activity (200-500 ℃).XRD,N2 ad
sorption,H₂-TPR and CO-TPD results indicated that amorphous and nanocrystalline C
uO were the active species for WGS reaction, while bulk CuO particles contributes 
little to the activity.Samples with different copper loadings at different tempe
rature showed different overall activity.

The catalytic effects of minerals in coal or in the additives on transition of n
itrogen and sulfur during coal pyrolysis and gasification and on coal pyrolysis
and gasification were reviewed, especially changes and transition of nitrogen a
nd sulfur in coal during the process. The results showed that minerals in co
al a
nd some alkali, alkali-earth and transition metals in the additives had catalyt
i
c effects on both coal pyrolysis and gasification, and transition of nitrogen an
d sulfur in the coal. It was pointed out that inhibition and conversion of nitro
gen and sulfur before NOx and SOx were formed via addition of reasonably-formul
a
ted metals with catalytic functions would be a trends in clean coal conversion.

The causes for deactivation of the catalysts for liquid-phase hydroge
n
ation of furfural to furfurol were investigated by means of XRF, XRD and SEM. Th
e results showed that adhesion of higher polymers formed during the hydrogenatio
n process onto surface of the catalyst was the main cause for deactivation of th
e catalyst. Since the main active component is copper, removal of the polymers b
y traditional burning method might cause complete loss of the activity. Therefor
e, development of a new and effective regeneration method is a challenge facing
the researchers in this field.

A catalyst for one-step synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) was develope
d and optimum condition for operation of the catalyst was obtained as follows:
4.0 MPa, 270-310 ℃, space velocity 1 000-2 000 h^－1,and H2 70%-80%,
CO 6%-12% and CO₂ 3%-4% in synthesis gas. CO conversion of over 85%, se
lectivity to DME of over 90% and DME yield of over 65% were attained under the
optimum condition.

Cs_xH_3-xPW₁₂O₄₀-SBA-15 mesoporous molecular sieve was prep
ared by sol-g
el method using P123 as templating agent and TEOS as silicon source. XRD pattern
s showed that the structure of Cs_xH_3-xPW₁₂O₄₀-SBA-15 remained perfect crystallin
e structure of SBA-15 molecular sieve. Influence of different Cs/P molar ratio
o
n esterification over the catalysts was investigated, and Cs_2.5H_0.5PW₁₂O₄₀/SBA
-15 exhibited the best activity. Optimum reaction condition was obtained by or
t
hogonal experiments as follows: 130 ℃,n(acrylic acid)∶n(butanol) =1∶1.2; re
action time 5 h,m(catalyst)∶m(reactants) =5%. Cs_xH_3-xPW₁₂O₄₀--SBA-15 showed good stability in repeated tests.

A liquid-phase precipitation method for anatase nanoparticle titan
ia was developed using titanium sulphate as the precursor.Initial Ti⁴⁺
concen
tration of 1.5 mol·L^－1 was attained under appropriate preparation condit
ion.P
hotocatalysic activity of titana prepared by this method was investigated using
photocatalysic degradation of acrylamide as the model reaction.Titania prepare
d by this method,with higher preparation yield and higher catalytic activity,was superior to that by extraction precipitation.

The influences of thermal stability of the precursors and
cry
stal structure, surface area and pore volume of CrF₃based catalysts on thei
r activity were investigate
d The results showed that inert atmosphere and doping of small amount of promote
r into the precursors promote the thermal stability; active component of CrF₃
-ba
sed catalysts exists in amorphous phase; activity of the catalysts increases wit
h surface area and pore volume. The catalytic properties of CrF₃based cataly
sts
for synthesis of HFC-125 by vapor-phase fluorination of HCFC-123 were invest
igated.

Cobalt-substituted CoAPO-11 molecular sieves were synthesized by hydrothermal
me
thods. The effects of Co/Al molar ratio and crystallization temperature on the s
ynthesis and properties of CoAPO-11 were discussed. The samples were characteri
z
ed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravim
e
tric/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) and N₂-adsorption. The results sh
owe
d that CoAPO-11 molecular sieves with higher crystallinity and purity could be
s
ynthesized under a certain Co/Al molar ratio; surface of the molecular sieves sh
owed an agglomeration of bar-shaped crystals; the molecular sieves exhibited hi
gh thermal stability.

The rehydration of γ-Al2O3, obtained by dehydration of pseudoboehm
ite,
at lower temperature was investigated. The influence of hydrothermal reaction t
emperature and H2O/γ-Al2O3 mass ratio on crystallinity and crysta
l size of the r
ehydrates were examined by means of XRD, SEM and FT-IR. It is found that, when
γ-Al₂O₃was sufficiently moistened, crystallinity and crystal size o
f the rehydra
tes formed were dependent on rehydration temperature rather than H₂O/γ-Al₂O₃ ma
ss ratio. At lower temperature, bayerite was the only rehydrate formed. At highe
r temperature, the rehydration of γ-Al₂O₃ gave rise to the formation b
oehmite. The
higher the rehydration temperature, the higher relative crystallinity of the r
ehydrates.

Besides acid modification of zeolites for dealumination, treatment in
alkali solutions is another way to improve the properties of zeolites, which low
ers Si/Al ratio through selective dissolution of silicon species in zeolites and
thus modifies the properties associated with Si/Al ratio, such as cation exchan
ge capability and catalytic activity. Moreover, treatment of zeolites in low con
centration alkali solutions can create uniform mesopores in the zeolites withou
t destroying the microporous structure, meanwhile introducing alkali metal catio
ns into the zeolites to obtain solid base zeolite catalysts.

Latest advances in the catalyst systems and the reaction mechanism for hydrodealkylation of alkyl aromatics were reviewed. Dealkylation catalysts include metal, metal oxides and molecular sieve catalysts. The dealkylation rates are different according to different alkyl chains. On metal active sites the dealkylation reaction follows adsorption and dehydrogenation mechanism, while on acid sites the dealkylation follows hydrogen transfer mechanism, carbonium ion chain reaction mechanism or free radical mechanism.

In several newly-developed technologies, such as MGD, MIP by Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing (RIPP) and RxCat by UOP, coke formation was regarded as a way to modify the catalytic properties of FCC catalysts. Latest researches in physicochemical and reaction properties of coked FCC catalysts, mechanism for coke deposition and structure of the coke formed were reviewed, especially latest achievements of RIPP in this field.

Properties and commercial side-stream test of QTM-01, developed by Research Institute of Sinopec Qilu Corp., were described. The catalyst features high mercaptan oxidation activity, good stability and capability of adsorbing hydrogen sulfide. Commercial side-stream test results showed that the catalyst can efficiently oxide mercaptan in LPG into disulfides at ambient temperature in liquid phase, without emission of alkali liquor.

Hydrofining-hydrodewaxing (HFDW) and hydroupgrading-hydrodewaxing (HUDW), technologies for producing low freezing point diesel fuel, developed by Sinopec Fushun Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals (FRIPP), were described. Commercial runs showed that HFDW process had remarkable hydrofining and dewaxing results, and is applicable to processing straight-run and / or secondary-processing diesel fractions with high wax content to produce high quality diesel fuels such as －35^# diesel fuel. Besides the same features as HFDW, HUDW process can also improve cetane number of the products.

Current DMC (dimethyl carbonate) synthesis catalysts for liquid-phase oxidative carbonylation of methanol include four catalytic systems, i. e., Cu, Co, Pd-Cu and Se systems, among which CuCl catalyst has been commercialized. Current problems with CuCl catalyst include deterioration of the activity due to loss of Cl- and equipment corrosion. The problems are usually solved by stabilization of Cl^- via introducing ligands or additives, or replacing the Cl^－ by other anions. The latter shows more promising prospect for commercial application.

Isoamyl benzoate was synthesized by esterification of benzoic acid and isoamyl alcohol over Ti(SO₄)₂/SiO₂ catalyst. The influences of various factors were investigated. Optimum reaction condition was obtained as follows: titanium sulfate loading on SiO₂ =10% (mass fraction); m(catalyst)∶m(benzoic acid)=2.5 g∶0.05 mol, n(isoamyl alcohol)∶n(benzoic acid) = 4∶1, reaction time 90 min. Esterification of 96.6% was attained under the optimum condition.

Cyclohexanone glycol ketal(CHGK) was synthesized from cyclohexanone and ethylene glycol in the presence of manganese chloride tetrahydrate (MnCl₂·4H₂O) catalyst. The optimum condition was obtained as follows: cyclohexanone-to-ethylene-glycol molar ratio = 1.0∶1.7, m(MnCl2·4H2O) = 12% of total mass of cyclohexanone and ethylene glycol, and reaction time 2.5 h. GHGK yield of 82.8% was obtained under the optimum reaction condition.

Butanediol dimethylacrylate was synthesized over solid superacid SO^2－₄/TiO₂/La³⁺Catalytic activity of different catalysts were compared and influence of preparation condition for the superacid and esterification reaction condition on the catalytic a activity were studied. The optimum conditions were obtained as follows: activation temperature 500 ℃, activation time 3 h, acid-to-alcohol molar ratio = 2.8∶1, mass fraction of catalyst and polymerization inhibitor = 1.2% and 1.0%, respectively, reaction temperature 200 ℃, reaction time 2 h, under which esterification rate of 92% was attained.

β-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone was prepared by gas-phase.oxidation of　β-methylnaphthalene over V₂O₅ catalyst. Favorable and optimum condition for preparation of the catalyst were determined。 The optimum conditions were as follows: 20-40 mesh macroporous silica as the carrier, m(ammonium metavanadate)∶ m(potassium pyrosulfate)∶ m(ammonium wolframate)∶ m(potassium sulfate)∶ m(silica)＝13∶20∶17∶37∶170，impregnation time 3 h, calcination time 5 h, calcinations temperature 400 ℃. β-methylnaphthalene conversion of up to 69% and selectivity to β-methyl naphthoquione of up to 12% were attained under favorable experimental condition.

CeO₂-TiO₂ coated photocatalyst was prepared over glass surface by sol-gel method， and characterized by XRD. Photocatalytic activity of the catalyst was investigated for microwave assisted photocataqlytic degradation of acid mordant red B dye in aqueous solution. Influence of calcination temperature, amount of the doped Ce and coated layers on the photocatalytic activity were investigated. The results showed that CeO₂-TiO₂ coated photocatalyst, calcined at 400 ℃ for 2 h with x(CeO₂)=003% and 2 coated layers, exhibited the optimum photocatalytic activity

Ultrafine zeolite NaY was hydrothermally synthesized with silica gel and Al₂(SO₄)3 as silicon and aluminium sources, respectively. The effects of time for aging of the gel and structure-directing reagent, temperature for colloiding, and crystallization temperature and time on crystal size of as-synthesized NaY zeolite wereinvestigated. NaY zeolite with crystal size of less than 200 nm, SiO₂/Al₂O₃ of higher than 5 and BET area of 890 m²·g^-1 was synthesized under optimum condition. Catalytic properties of the as-synthesized and conventional NaY zeolite catalysts as the carriers of platinum were investigated using toluene as the model compound. The results showed that activity and selectivity of the catalysts using as-synthesized ultrafine NaY zeolite as the carrier were comparable to the conventional catalyst, with remarkably increased cycloisomerization product and decreased cracking product.

Copper substituted hexagonal mesoporous silica(Cu-HMS) was synthesized using tetraethyl silicate(TEOS) as silicon source, CuCl₂, CuAc₂ or Cu(NH₃)⁺₄ as copper source and dodecylamine(DDA) as templating agent. XRD, FT-IR, AAS and pore volume measurements indicate that incorporation of copper resulted in expansion of unit cells and increase in pore volume of HMS; Cu-HMS-3 synthesized using Cu(NH3)⁺₄ as copper source exhibited the best crystallinity and high Raney copper content. Cu-HMS-3 showed optimum catalytic properties for hydroxylation of phenol with in 30% H₂O₂ aqueous solution, with phenol conversion of 35% and selectivity to catechol and hydroquinone of 90% under the optimum reaction condition.

Latest advances in application of microwave technology in preparation of catalytic materials were reviewed, including its application in zeolite synthesis and alumina preparation, loading of active components and drying of catalysts.

Recent researches in catalytic treatment of motorcycle exhausts were reviewed regarding carriers, promoters and active components, especially metallic substrates as the carriers, CexZr_1－xO₂ solid solution as the promoter and rare earth oxide doping a little amount noble metal as the active components. Preparation of novel nanoscale materials for catalytic purification of motorcycle exhausts were reviewed, too.

Development and commercial application of DZAs-1 naphtha dearsenic catalyst were described, including the laboratory test results for activity and arsenic removal capacity. The first commercial application of DZAs-1 catalyst showed that the catalyst has excellent dearsenic activity.

HPA304 catalyst, developed for Merox fixed bed alkali-free mercaptan
removal, features high activity due to preloaded active complex components with higher loadings. No activator was needed for sweetening of FCC gasoline. Commercial runs on two plants for sweetening of FCC and RFCC gasoline showed that mercaptan in gasoline was cut down to 1×10^－6to 3 ×10^－6(mass fraction).