Nanosized nickel powder was synthesized by solidstate reaction from NiSO4·6H2O and NaOH at room temperature and characterized by Xray diffractometry(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM) , scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The results showed that the average sizes of nanosized nickel powders were （30±5） nm. Factors influencing conversion of nitrobenzene to aniline, such as temperature, reaction time, catalyst dosage and H2 pressure were investigated. Comparison was made between nanosized nickel powder and Raney nickel. It was shown that the nanosized powders had superior activity for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline to Raney nickel. Nitrobenzene conversion of 26.26% was obtained over the nanosized nickel powder reduced at 400 ℃ for 4 h with catalyst dosage of 4.13% (mass fraction). Nitrobenzene conversion of 76.42％ was obtained at H2 pressure of 0.8 kPa.

The properties of the heteropoly acids and advances in heteropoly acids and their supported catalysts were reviewed, including different supports.

The run results of CDCM catalyst in 800 kt·a^－1 two-stage riser heavy oil fluid catalytic cracking unit(TSRFCC) in Yumen indicated that the catalyst exhibited high activity, good selectivity to target product, strong heavy oil cracking capability and excellent tolerance to heavy metals, with remarkably improved product distribution and product quality. The yield of liquid hydrocarbons and total liquids were enhanced by 2.80 and 0.60 percentage points, respectively; meanwhile, gasoline octane number and induction period were enhanced and propylene content in liquid hydrocarbons was increased.

More and more serious environmental problems were caused by fossil fuels. Biological technologies provide a cost-effective solution to these problems in a feasible way. Application of biodesulfurization and biodenitrogenization in petrochemistry were reviewed. The prospects and trends of upgrading fossil fuels by microorganisms were outlined.

Oxidation of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol by nitric acid to synthesize adipic acid(AA) is a strong exothermic free radical chain reaction. Nitrol acid(NA) and dione are relatively stable key intermediates to the yield of adipic acid. To enhance the yield of adipic acid, The reactions towards formation of NA and decomposition of dione should be promoted to eliminate side reactions. The mechanism for oxidation of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol with nitric acid and main influential factors，such as reaction temperature, molar ratio between nitric acid and cyclohexanone/ol, and the catalyst concentration, were investigated through commercial test run.

Selective oxidation of benzoic alcohol to benzaldehyde with 30% hydrogen peroxide, catalyzed by Na₂WO₄·2H₂O in acidic ionic liquid [(CH₂)₄SO₃HMIm]TSO in the absence of organic solvents and halide, was studied. Optimal results was obtained with benzoic alcohol conversion of 90.1% and selectivity to benzaldehyde of 92.1% under condition as follows: at 90 ℃ for 3 h, n(benzyl alcohol)∶n（H₂O₂）∶n(ionic liquids)∶n(Na₂WO₄·2H₂O)=40∶48∶1∶1.Benzaldehyde product was immiscible with acidic ionic liquid and easily separated from the ionic liquid. The ionic liquid could be repeatedly used for four times after vacuum drying without considerable loss of activity.

Behaviors of the catalyst for furfural decarbonylation to furan were studied by adding promoters and changing the ways of packing. The experimental results showed that conversion, selectivity and service life of the catalyst were enhanced by adding Ni and K promoters; mixed packing of the catalyst improved utilization of the catalyst and yield of furan.

Cyclohexanone pentaerythritol ketal was synthesized by condensation of cyclohexanone and pentaerythritol, catalyzed by SO₄^2－/M_xO_y solid superacid. The influence of reaction temperature, dosage of catalyst, reaction time and ratio between reactants was investigated. Optimal condition was obtained as follows: reaction temperature 190 ℃, catalyst dosage=6% (mass fraction) of the total reactants, cyclohexanone-to-pentaerythritol molar ratio 3∶1, reaction time 3 h. Cyclohexanone pentaerythritol ketal yield of up to 93.5% was obtained under the optimal condition.

Fe₂O₃-GeO₂-SiO₂-K₂O catalyst was prepared and the optimum preparation condition, reaction condition and regeneration method were investigated. The bench-scale experiment showed that the catalyst had mild operation condition, high activity (nearly 100% conversion), high selectivity to 2,3,6-trimethylphenol (96%), long service life (over 3 000 h), stability in operation, operational flexibility and ease in regeneration.

Selective catalytic reduction of NO at low temperature over a newly-developed MnO₂/NH₄NaY catalyst was studied, as well as regeneration and steady operation of the catalyst. The results showed that the newly-developed MnO₂/NH₄NaY catalyst prepared by ion-exchange between ammonium sulphate and MnO₂/NaY had good low-temperature activity, with NO conversion approaching 100% at 120 ℃, but it was not usable at over 150 ℃, which resulted in volatilization of NH₄⁺. NH+4 exchanging extent of up to 40% was attained. The MnO₂/NH₄NaY catalyst could completely convert NOx with inlet concentration of 1 000×10^-6 to N₂ for continuous 7 h under the following condition: 120 ℃, 6%O₂ (volumetric fraction）, GHSV 3 000 h^-1 , 7% H₂O(volumetric fraction) , without additional reductant. Steady-state experiment with stable NH3 source at high GHSV 12 000 h^-1 proved that NH₄⁺ in MnO₂/NH₄NaY was beneficial to SCR of NO, with NH₃/NOx molar ratio reduced from 1.2 to 1, thus remarkably lowered the secondary pollution caused by NH₃.

Ce/Mn catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation method for treatment of imidacloprid pesticide wastewater by catalytic wet oxidation (CWO). Catalysts with diameter of 3.60 nm and surface area of 127 m²·g^－1 were prepared under n(Ce)∶n(Mn) of 2∶1 and calcination temperature of 500 ℃. COD removal efficiency of 93.15% was attained under reaction condition as follows: reaction temperature 190 ℃, total pressure 8.0 MPa, oxygen partial pressure 1.6 MPa, pH=8.42, catalyst concentration 2.0 g·L^－1.

Nanoparticle rod-shaped ferric oxide was prepared by homogeneous precipitation method and the samples were characterized by XRD and TEM. Its photocatalytic behaviors for degradation of fruit green dye, alkali yellow dye and brilliant blue dye, were investigated. The effects of catalyst dosage, illumination time and presence of air on the decoloring efficiency for the three dyes were investigated. The results showed that the catalyst was hexagonal crystalline rod-shaped nanoparticle α-Fe₂O₃ with major axis of about （300-500） nm and minor axis of about （20-40） nm. Decoloring effiiciency of respectively 97.98%, 94.89% and 92.64% were obtained for the three dyes under the following condition: dosage of the photocatalyst 0.3 g·L^－1, 0.3 g·L^－1, 0.4 g·L^－1 respectively for 10 mg·L^－1 solution of fruit green, alkali yellow and brilliant blue dye, illumination time 150 min, air flow rate 200 mL·min^－1.

TiO₂-sol was prepared by sol-gel technique and was supported on bamboo-derived activated carbon by impregnation, microwave irradiation followed by high-temperature activation. The TiO₂/C photocatalyst was characterized by XRD, FSEM and FT-IR. Adsorption and degeneration of toluene over the photocatalyst was simulated under ultraviolet irradiation, and influence of initial concentration and flow rate of toluene investigated. Regeneration of the photocatalyst was studied by passing clean air into the reactor under ultraviolet irradiation, microwave irradiation and high-temperature treatment. The results showed that the TiO₂ photocatalyst was of anatase crystalline phase with grain size of about 18 nm; degradation efficiency for toluene was up to 80%; microwave irradiation was the best way for catalyst regeneration.

Montmorillonite pretreatment was proposed for synthesis of pillared montmorillonite(PILM). Influence of pretreatment method, pretreatment time, concentration of suspension, types and amount of dispersant on the average particle size of montmorillonite was studied using Laixi Ca-bentonite as the starting material. Ca-montmorillonite with average particle size of 0.964 μm was obtained after pretreatment and directly used for synthesis of PILM. The PILM was characterized by SEM, XRD, DTA-TG and XRF. The results showed that the PILM had good thermal stability with basal spacing of 1.262 nm after calcination at 300 ℃ for 2 h. Montmorillonite pretreatment simplified the preparation cycle by eliminating the sodium modification step.

Calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate and silica were activated by calcination and used for hydrothermal synthesis of 5A zeolites. The preparation condition was investigated and the catalysts were characterized by XPS and SEM. The optimal preparation condition was as follows: calcination temperature 550 ℃, calcination time 4 h, crystallization time 4 h.

The method for analyzing the content of Na₂O and RE₂O₃ in the filter cake for full kaolin fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts by X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy(XFS) was discussed and established. Accuracy and repeatability of the method were investigated. The results showed that the analysis method had high accuracy and good repeatability, and met the requirement of analysis in commercial catalyst manufacture.