With the commercialization of biodiesel, effective utilization of the crude glycerol byproduct has been a key factor influencing its economics. Glycerol, due to its molecular structure, can be used as the feedstock for hydrogen production. Different routes for hydrogen production from glycerol were reviewed, including gaseous phase reforming (steam reforming, partial oxidation and autothermal reforming), aqueous phase reforming, biological methods, photocatalytic reforming and pyrolysis.

The advances in binuclear non- metallocene catalysts for olefins polymerization in recent ten years were reviewed, especially relationship between electronic effect of the ligands, steric bulk and their catalytic behaviors for ethylene polymerization. The trends in binuclear non- metallocene catalysts for olefins polymerization were outlined, too.

N-doped nanoparticle TiO₂ photocatalysts were obtained by sol-gel method and microwave drying in ionic liquid ［Bmim］PF₆. Effects of ionic liquid dosage，N/Ti mole ratio and microwave drying on photocatalytic activity of the nanoparticle TiO₂ were investigated using methyl orange degradation as the probe reaction and ultraviolet lamp as the irradiation source. The N-doped nanoparticle TiO₂ exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pure TiO₂. Satisfactory photocatalytic behaviors were obtained over Ndoped nanoparticle TiO₂ prepared under the following condition: ionic liquid volume of 5.6 mL, n(ammonium chloride)∶n(butyl titanate) of 4∶1, microwave drying with power of 210 W for 20 min, calcination at 625 ℃ for 1.5 h.

Zeolites with graded pores were synthesized via in-situ assembly of zeolite Y precursors using P123/carbon black dual templates with subsequent burning-off of the templates. Influence of aging time of the precursors, dosage of the templates, pH value and dosage of water on synthesis of the graded-pore zeolites was investigated. Zeolites with graded pores and high crystallinity were obtained under optimum synthesis condition as follows: aging time of 7 h, n(P123)∶n(SiO₂) of 0.001 2-0.001 8, pH <2, n(H₂O)∶n(SiO₂) of 200. pH value and dosage of templates are the key influencing factors on synthesis of zeolites with graded pores.

BiVO₄ photocatalysts for visible-light-driven pollutants degradation were prepared by hydrothermal method and effects of hydrothermal synthesis time, hydrothermal temperature and pH of the precursors on catalytic properties and structure of the BiVO₄ photocatalyst were investigated by degradation of aqueous M-2GE at room temperature under visible light irradiation and characterized by XRD, TEM and UV-vis DRS spectroscopy. BiVO₄ synthesized under 160 ℃, precursor pH of 7.01 and hydrothermal synthesis time for 2 h, with absorption edge of 520 nm and energy band gap of 2.4 eV, exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity, with M-2GE removal of 98% after irradiation for 210 min.

ZSM-22 zeolite was prepared by static hydrothermal method using potassium hydroxide as the alkali source, silica as the silicon source and 1, 6-diaminohexane as the template. The effects of crystallization temperature (423-443) K, crystallization time (12-72) h and material proportion were investigated. The optimum synthesis condition was obtained as follows: crystallization temperature 433 K, crystallization time 48 h, n(Al₂O₃)∶n(SiO₂)∶n(K₂O)∶n(DAH)∶n(H₂O)＝0.11∶10∶1.3∶3.0∶400. Relative pure ZSM-22 zeolite with different Al₂O₃/SiO₂ molar ratio (40-130) was obtained under the condition via adjusting the alkalinity.

Mesoporous alumina was prepared using sucrose as the structure-directing template in aqueous system and aluminum isopropoxide as the aluminum precursor. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, TEM, nitrogen adsorption-desorption and ²⁷Al MAS NMR. The mesoporous gamma alumina prepared has high surface area and uniform pore size distribution. Properties of the mesoporous alumina were influenced by pH value and dosage of sucrose. The templating mechanism for sucrose was discussed.

Al-MCM-41 mesoporous zeolite with low Si/Al ratio was prepared under acidic atmosphere (pH=3.5) at room temperature, using tetraethyl orthosilicate as the silica source and cethyltrimethyl ammonium bromide as the template. SO^2-₄/TiO₂-Al-MCM-41 was prepared by impregnation followed by calcination, using the as-synthesized Al-MCM-41 mesoporous zeolite as the carrier, and characterized by powder XRD, low-temperature N₂-adsorption-desorption, IR and SEM. The results showed that aluminum ions were successfully incorporated into framework of the mesoporours material. Hammett acidity of the SO^2-₄/TiO₂-Al-MCM-41 was H₀<-14.52. Catalytic behavior of the SO^2-₄/TiO₂-Al-MCM-41 solid superacid were investigated using esterification of valeric acid and n-butanol as the probe reaction. Product yield of 98.5% was attained under the following condition: reaction temperature 138 ℃, catalyst dosage=1% mass of the reactants, n-butyl alcohol to valeric acid mole ratio of 2.5∶1.

Influence of the poisoning of Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst for hydrogenation of model pyrolysis gasoline by carbon disulfide(CS₂) on hydrogenation of aromatics, monoene and conjugated alkenes was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor. The results indicated that carbon disulfide has negative effect on catalytic activity of Ni/Al₂O₃ for hydrogenation of aromatic nucleus, monoene and conjugated alkenes in the sequence of aromatic nucleus>monoene>conjugated alkene. XRD XPS and IR results indicated that first carbon disulfide was adsorbed on surface of the nickel catalyst, followed by cleavage of C＝S bond of some carbon disulfide via hydrogenolysis, producing H₂S and CH₄. H₂S reacted with nickel atoms to form nickel sulfide species, causing poisoning of the active metal. Carbon disulfide was adsorbed on surface of nickel catalyst and resulted in loss of activity for hydrogenation of conjugated double bonds.

Using Si-Al, supported on water glass by low temperature expansion, as the support, a catalyst was prepared by first introducing air flow and then impregnating the support in Mo-Ni-P-H, and used in α-alkene base oil hydrogenation. Agreeable hydrogenation results were obtained under reaction temperature of 280 ℃, hydrogen partial pressure of 6.0 MPa，LHSV of 0.5 h^-1 and V(hydrogen)∶V(oil) of 700∶1,with bromine value of 0.18 g·(100g-oil)^-1 , residual carbon of 0.011%(mass fraction)，sulfur content of 0.38 μg·g^-1, chroma of ＜0.5 and little loss of kinematic viscosity. Properties of the poly α-alkene derived lube base oil were greatly improved.

MoO₃ in different crystal forms was obtained by calcination of (NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄·4H₂O at different temperature (350 ℃, 450 ℃, 550 ℃ and 650 ℃). Mo₂C was prepared by temperature-programmed carbonization using these MoO₃ as the precursors and characterized by XRD, TPR and thermal analysis (TG, DTG and DTA). Catalytic behaviors of the as-prepared Mo₂C were tested using CH₄-CO₂ reforming (dry methane reforming, DMR) to synthesis gas as the probe reaction. Effects of the crystal forms of MoO₃ on DMR activity of Mo₂C were discussed. Solely orthorhombic-structure α-MoO₃ was obtained via calcinations of (NH₄)6Mo₇O₂₄·4H₂O at 350 ℃ and 450 ℃,with unique layered structure, in which the layers were bound together by weak van der Waals forces. The layered structure facilitates insertion of the active hydrogen and active carbon produced from decomposition of CH₄/H₂ into the layers during temperature-programmed carbonization and thus favored formation of Mo₂C with good catalytic properties.

Silica-supported H₃PW₁₂O₄₀(H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/SiO₂) catalysts were prepared by sol-gel method and characterized by XRD and N2-adsorption. Effects of calcination temperature, H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ loadings, catalyst dosage and reaction time were investigated. The results showed that the H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/SiO₂ solid acid, with mean grain size of (20.9-26.4) nm and typical amorphous phase, exhibited high catalytic activity and stability for synthesis of benzaldehyde glycerol acetals, with optimum condition as follows: catalyst calcination temperature 550 ℃, H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ loadings 10%(mass fraction), catalyst dosage 0.5 g, n(benzaldehyde)∶n(glycerol)=1∶1.1, V(toluene)=15 mL, reaction time=2.0 h. Benzaldehyde conversion of 99.2% was obtained under the optimum condition.

Solid acid catalysis has been a focus in catalysis researches due to environmental awareness and stricter emission control. The features and application of solid acid catalysts were reviewed.

Cyclohexanon ethylene ketal was synthesized from cyclohexanon and ethylene using SO^2-₄/ZrO₂-TiO₂ solid acid as the catalyst. Effects of Ti/Zr mole ratio, aging time, impregnation time on its catalytic behaviors and effects of water-carrying agent, feed proportion, reaction time and catalyst dosage on yield of the product were investigated. Optimum condition for preparation of the catalyst was obtained as follows: Ti/Zr mole ratio of 1∶1, aging time of 180 min, impregnation time of 20 min. Optimum reaction condition was obtained as follows: cyclohexanon to ethylene molar ratio 1∶1.2, 1.2 g catalyst, 15 mL cyclohexane for 0.2 mol cyclohexanon. Cyclohexanon ethylene ketal yield of 93.1% was attained after reaction for 70 min. The catalyst could be repeatedly used for 7 cycles with product yield of over 85%.

Ring-chlorination of toluene is usually carried out in the presence of Lewis acids and co-catalysts that can increase the ratio of p-/o- isomers. In this paper, the synthesis of three benzothiazepines derivative compounds are reported. The ring-chlorination of toluene using SbCl3 as a catalyst and benzothiazepines derivatives as co-catalysts at different temperature and different dosage of co-catalyst were stuied. All of the compounds can increase the p-/o- ratio in the reaction. Among them N-(2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepine-4yl)-hydroxylamine exhibited the best co-catalytic results that gave p-/o-ratio of 1.29.

A series of supported CuO catalysts and its aged samples, using CeO₂, Al₂O₃ and CeO₂/Al₂O₃ with different loading of CeO₂ as the supports, were prepared by impregnation method. Characterization of their structure and redox properties by XRD and H₂-TPR showed that CuO were well dispersed over CeO₂/Al2O3 support both in fresh and aged CuO/CeO₂/Al₂O₃ catalysts, indicating that the catalysts had good resistance to sintering . Effects of different supports and loadings of CeO₂ and CuO were investigated and comparison was made between CuO/CeO₂/Al₂O₃ and Pd/CeO₂/Al₂O₃. The three-way catalytic activity of aged CuO/CeO₂/Al₂O₃ catalyst calcined at high temperature was tested. The results showed that catalytic chemistry；CuO/CeO2/Al2O3 catalyst; non-noble metal catalyst; three-way catalyst(TWC); purification of automotive exhaust gas; resistance to aging CuO/CeO₂/Al₂O₃ catalyst with CuO loadings of 7% and supported on 10%CeO₂/Al₂O₃ exhibited superior three-way catalytic activity, with superior activity to that of Pd/CeO₂/Al₂O₃ especially at lower temperature and light-off temperature for CO, HC and NOx of 130 ℃，250 ℃ and 250 ℃, respectively, and conversion of 90% for the three pollutants at 350 ℃. CuO/CeO₂/Al₂O₃ also exhibited good resistance to aging.

The research trend and application of modified activated carbon materials in the field of flue gas desulphurization in recent years were reviewed, including metal ions or metal oxides loading, chemical impregnation, high temperature treatment, microwave treatment and plasma treatment. The desulphurization mechanism and kinetics of activated carbon were discussed, and the regeneration methods of activated carbon were summarized. The existing problems and the development trend of modified activated carbon for flue gas desulfurization were also pointed out.

Advances in technologies of preparing functional polyethylene by copolymerization of ethylene with polar monomers which was catalyzed by Zeigler-Natta catalysts, metallocence catalysts or late-transition metal catalysts were reviewed.The effects of the catalyst types and structures on catalytic activity and the copolymer structure were also reviewed. The study included synthsis of hyperbranched functional polyethylene, copolymerization of ethylene with alcohol or ester monomers,ethylene with norbornene,ethylene with silane monomers,and ethylene with MMA.

Under hydrothermal condition, Titanosilicate Ti-MWW was synthesized using piperidine (PI) as the template in the presence of nonionic surfactants Tween. The samples were characterized by XRD, UV-Vis, SEM and BET techniques. The catalytic properties of the catalysts were investigated using the epoxidation of 1-hexene as the probe reaction. The results showed that Ti-MWW with Tween 60 catalysts showed higher catalytic activity than Ti-MWW in the epoxidation of 1-hexene with hydrogen peroxide. 1-Hexene conversion of 72.7% and the selectivity to epoxy hexane of nearly 100% were obtained, respectively,under the condition of Tween 60/SiO₂ mass ratio of 0.015.It was also found that the addition of Tween 20，Tween 40 and Tween 80 could not improve the catalytic performance of Ti-MWW zeolite. The mechanism and influencing reason of Tween to catalytic performance of Titanosilicate Ti-MWW were tentatively explained.

Cu-Ce-Zr-O catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and coated on matal foam nickel for CO preferential oxidation in H2-rich stream in a micro-reactor. The effects of Zr doping amount, calcination temperature and pretreatment methods of the catalyst on the performance of Cu-Ce-Zr-O catalysts were investigated. The results showed that CuCe₉Zr_1.5O_δcatalyst exhibited better catalytic properties; in reaction temperature range of (160-260) ℃,the outlet concentration of CO could be reduced to less than 100×10^－6, and CO conversion of over 99% and the selectivity to CO of about 40% were attained respectively; CO concentration in the hydrogen-rich gas could be decreased to below 60×10^－6 in reaction temperature range of (180-240) ℃. The catalyst with hydrogen pretreatment had better performance and low temperature activity. 

Cobalt-based catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch(F-T) synthesis were prepared by wet impregnation with γ-Al₂O₃ as the carrier. The catalytic performances of the catalysts for F-T synthesis were studied in a fix-bed flow reactor. The influence of cobalt sources, calcination temperature, cobalt loadings, reaction temperature and feed gas space velocity on the catalytic activity of Co/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts and the yields of F-T synthesis products were investigated. The stability of Co/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst was also studied. The results indicated that the optimum preparation condition was as follows: cobalt nitrate as the precursors, calcination temperature 400 ℃ and cobalt loading 10%(mass fraction). CO conversion of 69.1% and the yield of C₅⁺ hydrocarbon of 89.6% were attained, respectively, under the reaction condition of reaction temperature 230 ℃,reaction pressure 2 MPa, space velocity 1 800 h^-1, n(H₂)∶n(CO)=2 and running for 60 h.

NU-87 zeolite was synthesized using EU-1 zeolite as heterogeneous seed. The influence of Na₂O/SiO₂, H₂O/SiO₂, SiO₂/Al₂O₃ molar ratio and crystallization time was investigated and the synthesis condition was optimized. The crystallization time of NU-87 zeolite was shortened. NU-87 zeolite was characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM and N₂ adsorption-desorption. The results showed that higher n（H₂O)∶n（SiO₂)（48-55） and lower nn（Na₂O）∶n（SiO₂)（0.14-0.15） were helpful to synthesis of zeolite NU-87.NU-87 zeolite was synthesized under n（Na₂O）∶n（SiO₂)=50, 55 and 60. The crystallization time had great influence on NU-87 zeolite synthesis and the optimizing crystallization time was 8 days. Without adding heterogenous seed, SiO₂/Al₂O₃ molar ration of zeolite NU-87 was enhanced and BET surface area gradually decreased with the increase of SiO₂/Al₂O₃ molar ration in synthesis gel.Brnsted acidity, Lewis acidity and total acidity all reduced, and the pore volume, pore size changed little. With adding heterogeneous seed, SiO₂/Al₂O₃ molar ration of zeolite NU-87 was the lowest, and BET surface area, pore volume, pore size, Brnsted acidity, Lewis acidity and total acidity were all significantly increased. Zeolite NU-87 showed a morphology of rectangular laths.

NiO/Al₂O₃,NiO/ZrO₂ and NiO/ZrO₂/Al₂O₃ catalysts were prepared by impregnation method using Al₂O_3,ZrO₂and ZrO₂/Al₂O₃as the supports which were prepared by sol-gel method. Reduction performance,acid properties, adsorption properties of α-pinene and surface area of the catalysts were characterized by H₂-TPR,NH₃-TPD and in-suit FT-IR. The results showed that there was strong interaction between ZrO₂/Al₂O₃composite support and activated species of Ni, and ZrO₂/Al₂O₃support made active centre stable; acid intensity of NiO/ZrO₂/Al₂O₃ situated between NiO/ZrO₂and NiO/Al₂O₃. Suitable chemical adsorption was formed between α-pinene and NiO/ZrO₂/Al₂O₃ catalyst. NiO/ZrO₂/Al₂O₃catalyst for hydrogenation of α-pinene exhibited better catalytic activity and selectivity. α-Pinene conversion of 84% and the selectivity to pinane of 83% were attained.

The mechanical strength and wear mechanism of iron catalysts were studied under ultrasonic radiation. The influence of ultrasonic medium, power, solid-liquid ratio and time on abrasion rate was investigated. At the same ultrasonic condition, mechanical strength of iron-based catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was compared before and after reduction.The results showed that the mechanical strength of fused-iron catalyst and precipitated iron catalysts after reduction declined and enhanced a little,respectively.Although there is an adhesion phenomenon on the surface of the fused-iron catalyst,in general,the mechanical strength of fused-iron catalyst was higher than that of precipitated iron catalyst.SEM and particle size distribution results showed that the main wear mechanism for fused-iron catalyst was abrasion, while fragmentation was the main wear mechanism for precipitated iron.

In-situ synthesised Al2O3/USL-supported NiW-P catalysts were prepared by the incipient-wetness co-impregnation method or the incipient-wetness serial impregnation method with ammonium metatungstate, nickel nitrate and different phosphorus sources including phosphoric acid and diammonium phosphate. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, NH₃-TPD, H₂-TPR, UV-Vis DRS, Roman and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm. Catalytic performances of the catalysts were tested in a high pressure fixed bed microreactor with high sulfurous and nitrous FCC diesel as feed. The evaluation results showed that the activities of hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation were obviously enhanced, and sulfur and nitrogen contents in the products were both below 20 μg·g^-1 over γ-Al₂O₃/USL supported-NiW catalyst modified by appropriate content of phosphoric acid.

Ni-Mo/TiO₂ catalysts were prepared by impregnation method using the formed TiO₂ as supports. Effects of MoO₃ loadings on the hydrodesulfurization(HDS) performance for dibenzothiophene(DBT) were investigated. The catalysts were characterized by XRD and BET techniques. The results showed that molybdenum oxide with MoO₃ loadings up to 10% was well dispersed as a monolayer on the surface of TiO₂ support and MoO₃ crystalline grain rapidly grew with MoO₃ loading more than 10%. The surface area and pore volume of Ni-Mo/TiO₂ catalyst were remarkably decreased due to partial pore blockage of support.The HDS activity for dibenzothiophene increased with MoO₃ loading up to 10% and then decreased with further increase of MoO₃ loading. Ni-Mo/TiO₂ catalyst exhibited better stability without deactivation after running for one month.

The modified dealumination H-Mordenite(DHM) zeolites with different MgO loadings were prepared by impregnation method and characterized by XRD, NH3-TPD and in-situ FT-IR with Py adsorption〖JP〗. The results showed that MgO (less than 4% loadings) was well dispersed on the surface of DHM. The NH₃-TPD acid amount of the DHM with MgO modification was decreased from 0.49 mmol·g^-1 to 0.22 mmol·g^-1. DHM catalyst modified with 1wt%MgO showed maximum selectivity to propylene of 25.93% and C₂-C₄ olefin of 49.08% under the typical activity test condition as follows: 0.1 MPa, 450 ℃, W/F＝10 g·h·mol^-1.Compared with DHM, the selectivity to olefins over MgO modified DHM was obviously enhanced.

Four kinds of Brnsted acidic ionic liquids with nitrogen chemical groups and different anions were synthesized. The kinetics of estrification of methyl oleate was studied using Brnsted acidic ionic liquids as the catalysts. Through experiments of kinetics and by Matlab programs and regression of the experimental data, the reaction dynamics parameters were determined and the reaction dynamic model was set up. The catalytic activities of ionic liquids were investigated. The results that showed under the coaction of anions and cations, the kinetic equation of esterification was as follows:r=k(c_A0-x)^1.72（c_B0-x）^2.01-k_-1x^1.85， and the sequence of reaction rate constants kk of nine kinds of ionic liquids in catalyst system were as follows:［MPy］HSO₄＞［Py］HSO₄＞［Et₃NH］HSO₄＞［MPy］H₂PO₄＞［Py］H₂PO₄＞［Et₃NH］H₂PO₄＞［HMIm］HSO₄＞［HMIm］H₂PO₄＞［MPy］NO₃。

Isopropyl salicylicate was synthesized using salicylic acid and i-propanol as raw materials and p-toluene sulphonic acid supported on granule activated carbon as the catalyst. The influencing factors of the reaction were investigated. Experimental results indicated that isopropyl salicylicate yield of 94.45% was attained under the optimum condition of esterification reaction as follows: n(salicylic acid)∶n(isopropanol)=1∶3.0, reaction time of 3.0 h, catalyst dosage 4.6% of total mass of the reactants, water carrying agent 8 mL.

Synthesis of adipic acid from cyclohexene was investigated using 35% hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant and compound quaternary ammonium phosphotungstates as the catalyst.The catalyst could be separated from the reaction system after reaction and repeatedly used.Effects of the dosage of the catalyst, hydrogen peroxide and cyclohexene,reaction time and temperature were studied.The results indicated that the yield and purity of adipic acid of 85.0% and 99.6%,and the catalyst recovery of 88% were attained,respectively,under the reaction condition as follows:reaction temperature 95 ℃,reaction time 6 h,cyclohexene dosage 8.2 g,35%H₂O₂ amount 42.7 g and catalyst dosage 1.33 g.The yield of adipic acid of 84.1% was still obtained after the catalyst system was repeatedly used 5 times.

The precursor was obtained by grinding the mixture of niobium oxalate and potassium acetate with water and then being dried. Potassium niobate powders with high purity and crystallinity were prepared by calcining the precursor at 500 ℃ and 800 ℃ for 3 h. IR analysis indicated that there was an ion exchange reaction happened between niobium oxalate and potassium acetate and the precursor K［NbO(C₂O₄)₂］·xH₂O was produced. The particle sizes of potassium niobate of about 50 nm and over 100 nm were attained at 500 ℃ and 800 ℃,respectively.Methylene blue solution was degraded using potassium niobate powder as the photocatalyst under the irradiation of high pressure mercury lamp. The experiment results showed that potassium niobate powders calcined at 500 ℃ had the photocatalytic properties, and at 800 ℃ did not. The analysis results of catalytic dynamics showed that the photocatalytic degradation reaction of methylene blue solution fitted first-order kinetics equation.

Sidechain alkylation of toluene with methanol is a potential route for synthesis of ethylbenzene and styrene, with advantages such as rich source of feeds, low cost, low energy consumption and less pollution. Researches on sidechain alkylation of toluene with methanol for synthesis of styrene or ethylbenzene over modified zeolites were reviewed, including reaction mechanisms, research methods, research conclusions and behaviors of different catalysts, as well as some suggestions on trends of researches in this aspect.

The application of SAPO-34 molecular sieves in catalyzing light carbon compounds to light olefins（including methanol, dimethyl ether, methyl halides to olefins, ethanol dehydration to ethylene）,C₄-C₈ alkene and alkane cracking to propylene, paraffin oxidation or direct dehydrogenation to olefins，the selective reduction of NOx by hydrocarbon or H2, preparing membrane separation materials and serving as carrier for photoluminescence materials were reviewed.The systemic analysis for SAPO-34 application in different fields were beneficial to understanding the effects of physical and chemical properties such as medium acid properties, distinct small pore structure characteristic, abundant micro-pore and great specific surface area on catalytic performance, thermal stability and hydrothermal stability, selective permeability and molecular sieve separation characteristic, in order to gain breakthrough progresss in apprehending SAPO-34 molecular sieves and also help to expand SAPO-34 application fields and provide references for designing other catalytic materials.

As a substitute for fossil energy, biodiesel is regarded as a sort of green energy of low cost, no contamination and renewability. Latest researches on solid acid and solid base catalysts for synthesis of biodiesel were reviewed. Solid catalysts featured low cost, higher activity, tolerance to poisoning and ease in separation. Development of catalysts with low cost and high activity would be the focus in this field.

Using Ti-OC4H9 as the precursor，TiO₂/PS-PEMA composite material was prepared in ionic liquids ［Bmim］BF₄ under microwave irradiation. Influence of ionic liquid volume, microwave power, reaction temperature and reaction time on dispersibility and photocatalytic behaviors of TiO₂/PS-PEMA was investigated by determination of its absorbency in ethyl acetate and activity for methyl orange degradation under ultraviolet irradiation. The results indicated that optimal condition for preparation of TiO2/PS-PEMA was as follows: ［Bmim］BF₄ 2.0 mL, microwave power 700 W, reaction temperature 70 ℃, reaction time 45 min and dosage of potassium persulfate 0.10 g. Lipophilic capability of TiO₂/PS-PEMA was greatly enhanced, with good dispersibility in ethy1 acetate and high photocatalytic activity for methyl orange degradation.

BiYO₃ photocatalyst was prepared by solid state reaction using Y₂O₃ and Bi₂O₃ as raw materials and characterized by thermal analyzer,X-ray diffractometer,N2 physical adsorption-desorption,UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectrometer,Raman spectrometer.Effects of calcination temperature on the structure and visible light catalytic activity of BiYO₃ were investigated using photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange wastewater as a probe reaction. The results showed that BiYO3 catalyst calcined at 750 ℃ exhibited better photocatalytic activity; Very small amount of Bi₂O₃ and Y₂O₃ was found in BiYO₃ catalyst calcined at 700 ℃ and resulted in lower photocatalytic activity; The surface area of BiYO3 catalyst calcined at 800 ℃ was reduced due to catalyst sintering, which affected its photocatalytic activity.

Mo-modified Raney-Ni is an important catalyst for sorbitol production. Effects of Mo loadings on behaviors of Raney-Ni catalysts in glucose hydrogenation were investigated. The results indicated that catalytic activity and stability of Raney-Ni was remarkably enhanced after modification. The causes behind enhancement of the catalytic activity and stability by Mo modification of Raney nickel were discussed.It was concluded that oxidation state Mo as the adsorption centre of L acid was beneficial to the adsorption of glucose on the catalyst,thus the catalytic activity was enhanced;the existence of Mo reduced the loss of Al in Raney Ni catalyst during the reaction and was the main reason of stability enhancement of the catalyst.

5A zeolite was mixed with CoCl2 solution, then heated to vaporize water, dried at 150 ℃ for （8-10） h, washed and dried again. Photometric analysis of the eluted CoCl₂ solution indicated that there existed a saturating capacity of 5A zeolite for loadings of CoCl₂, which slightly varied with drying temperature. XRD,IR and Raman spectroscopy results indicated that there existed strong interaction between the catalyst and the support. Excessively low drying temperature resulted in fall-off of the active component during reaction; Excessively high drying temperature led to structural change of the support and lowered the stability. p-Xylene conversion of 56.44% and p-toluic acid yield of 44.82%, p-tolualdehyde yield of 5.80%, p-toluic alcohol yield of 2.75% were obtained under the following condition: 15.0 mmol p-xylene, 0.50 mmol p-toluic acid, 80 mg catalyst, atmospheric pressure, 95 ℃, reaction for 10 h. Service cycle of the catalyst was investigated and its structure characterized.

Oligomerization of C₁₃-C₁₄ internal olefins was studied using aluminum chloride as the catalyst. Effects of the dosage of aluminum chloride catalyst, reaction temperature and reaction time on the yield of poly-internal-olefins（PIO）synthetic lubricant were investigated. The optimum reaction condition was obtained as follows: mass fraction of the aluminum chloride catalyst=3%, reaction temperature 160 ℃,reaction time 4 h. Poly-olefins lubricant was synthesized under the optimum condition from mixture of C₁₃-C₁₄ internal olefins and 1-tetradecene, and its properties were investigated. The experiment results showed that high-quality poly-olefin synthetic lubricant was obtained using mixture of 50% mass fraction of 1-tetradecene and 50% mass fraction of C₁₃-C₁₄ internal olefins as the feedstock, with poly-olefins lubricant yield of 78%, viscosity at 100 ℃ of 6.10 mm²·s^-1, viscosity index of 147, condensation point of －40 ℃.

Removal of basic nitrogen compounds from diesel was studied using solid superacid SO₄^2-/TiO₂ and SO₄^2-/TiO₂ modified by USY. Effects of sorbent/oil mass ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time and settlement time were investigated. The results showed that basic nitrogen removal efficiency the modified superacid SO₄^2-/TiO₂/USY was superior to that of unmodified SO₄^2-/TiO₂; the removal efficiency increased with sorbent/oil mass ratio, reaction time and settlement time. Basic nitrogen removal efficiency of 78.36% and diesel oil recovery of 84.37% were attained using SO₄^2-/TiO₂/USY as the sorbent under following condition: sorbent/oil mass ratio 6∶100, reaction temperature 20 ℃, reaction time 30 min and settlement time 60 min.