The emission of nitrogen oxides is harmful to human body and environment.At present,the selective catalytic reduction denitration technology has become a mainstream technology to reduce NOx emission.Catalyst in selective catalytic reduction denitration technology plays an important role.Therefore,the development of the catalyst with high active and stability,and long life is essential.The research status in the catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NOx,including metal oxide supports,zeolite supports and carbon supports was described.Furthermore,some problems existing in the field of the SCR catalysts were discussed.The research prospects in future were outlined.

The methods of acidity adjustment of ZSM-5 zeolite were summarized including in situ synthesis and post-treatment methods.In-situ synthesis methods included adjustment of Si/Al ratios and control of aluminum distribution on crystal surface and in bulk,which could be realized by changing template types,the synthesis system with or without sodium ions and the gel silicon,aluminum sources to control acidity.Post-treatment methods adjusted zeolite acidity by controlling outside surface acidity,including dealuminization methods(high temperature calcination,hydrothermal treatment,chemical treatment) and external surface modification(the crystal external surface epitaxial growth,chemical silicon deposition,external surface poisoning).The summary was helpful to understand the various reaction requirements to zeolite material acidity and the influence of each method on the acidity.It was beneficial to the improvement of catalytic performance with appropriate methods.

Aromatics is a kind of basic material of chemical industry,which has been widely applied in many industry fields.As methanol production technology advancing,methanol to aromatics(MTA) technology has become the important way of non-oil route of synthesis of light aromatic hydrocarbons at present.ZSM-5 zeolite is commonly used as the catalyst in MTA process,but it still needs appropriate post-processing in molecular sieve modified operation.The aromatics yield and the selectivity to the particular product can be improved by the modulation of molecular sieve acidity,active center sites and channel structures.The research progress in modification technologies of ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst,including load,alkali treatment,acid treatment and hydrothermal treatment were reviewed,expecting to meet the requirement of industrialization,and finally achieve the industrialization of MTA process.

Several important propylene low pressure oxo processes for alcohol were reviewed.The focus of the article was on technology of using rhodium-triphenylphosphine oil-soluble catalyst,the two-phase process of water-soluble rhodium catalyst used by Ruhrchemie and the new technology of high performance rhodium-bisphosphite catalyst used by Davy-Dow.The technical characteristics and progress of each process were analyzed,and the future development direction was also discussed.

Temperature programmed surface reaction mass spectrometry(TPSR-MS) experiments and temperature programmed oxidation(TPO) were conducted on HZSM-5 zeolites of different ratios of silica to alumina.The results showed that ethylene was detected during temperature programmed desorption(TPD) after benzene was adsorbed on HZSM-5 at 60 ℃,and the lower the ratios of silica to alumina was,the more ethylene was detected,and the more carbon residue over HZSM-5 zeolite was.Toluene was discovered during TPD after methanol was adsorbed on HZSM-5 zeolite at 60 ℃,but benzene was not detected,and the amount of toluene increased with the reduction of silica to alumina ratio.Simultaneously,hydrogen was detected,and with the decrease of silica/alumina ratio,the amount of hydrogen and carbon residue tested by TPO decreased.The higher the adsorption temperature,the more easily methanol was converted to toluene.

Using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide as template and tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS) as silicon source,ordered mesoporous TiO₂-SiO₂ composites(TiO₂NPs/MCM-41 or TiO₂NPs/SBA-3) were synthesized in dopamine-modified water-based TiO₂ nanoparticles(TiO₂NPs) suspension by basic hydrothermal synthesis procedure or acidic sol-gel method.The mesoporous TiO₂-SiO₂ composites were characterized by small- and wide-angle XRD,TEM,ICP and nitrogen adsorption-desorption experiments.The results showed that the synthetic samples still maintained highly ordered mesoporous silica structure even with high TiO₂ loading mass fraction of 23.98% and 17.27% for TiO₂NPs/MCM-41 and TiO₂NPs/SBA-3,respectively.TiO₂NPs were randomly embedded in framework of the mesoporous silica channels.In the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange under visible light irradiation for reaction time 120 min,the relative concentration value(C/C₀) of methyl orange was reduced to 57%,33% and 5.7% over P25,TiO₂NPs/MCM-41 and TiO₂NPs/SBA-3,respectively.

A series of Mg²⁺ modified Cu/ZnO [n(Cu):n(Zn)=5:4] nanocomposites catalyst were prepared by co-precipitation method and characterized by XRD,N₂ adsorption-desorption and H₂-TPR.The influence of calcination temperatures on the structure and performance of the catalysts for dimethyl oxalate(DMO) hydrogenation was investigated.The results showed that Cu-Mg/ZnO-c350 catalyst calcined at 350 ℃ possessed larger BET surface area,well developed meso-pore structure,higher Cu dispersion and more active surface Cu⁰ sites exposed.Higher calcination temperature led to sintering nano-particles in catalyst,decrease of surface area,pore diameter and amount of active surface Cu⁰ sites exposed.In DMO hydrogenation process over Cu-Mg/ZnO-c350 catalyst,DMO conversion of 100% and the selectivity to ethylene glycol of 95% were attained under the optimum reaction condition.Additionally,the strengthened metal-support interaction force inhibited anti-sintering ability of copper active species and benefited the superior stability.

A series of MO_x/ZrP catalysts were prepared by loading different types of metal oxides on zirconium phosphate as the catalyst support,including FeO_x/ZrP,CoO_x/ZrP,NiO_x/ZrP,NbO_x/ZrP,CuO_x/ZrP,MoO_x/ZrP and WO_x/ZrP.The as-prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD,FT-IR,SEM,EDS,TEM,NH₃-TPD and N₂ adsorption-desorption techniques.The characterization results showed that the loading of metal oxides had apparent effects on the morphology,pore structure and acid properties of zirconium phosphate support.The catalysts were employed for the dehydration of glycerol to acrolein.It was found that WOx/ZrP catalyst with 5wt% metal loading exhibited the best catalytic effects,and glycerol conversion of 93% and the selectivity to acrolein of 82%were attained.

HZSM-5 zeolites were treated by different concentrations of tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide(TEAOH).The effect of the organicalkali on the physicochemical properties of the suppot and catalysts was studied by means of XRD,XRF,H₂-chemisorption,FT-IR and N₂-adsorption.The results ofcharacterization showed that treating catalysts with low concentrations of organic base TEAOH facilitated the formation of meso-micro complex pores,and the mesoporous volume and outer specific surface area increased obviously.As a result,the degree of exposure of Pt species on the external surface of the catalyst increased.The treatment of high concentration organic base could significantly increase the surface acidity of zeolite and lead to the decrease of Pt dispersion.Pt-Sn-Na/HZSM-5 catalysts were prepared by using the treated zeolites.Their catalytic performance for propane dehydrogenation to propylene was evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor.The results showed that with the increase of organic alkali solution concentration,the initial conversion rate of propane gradually increased,the selectivity to propylene decreased gradually,and the stability increased first and then decreased.The catalyst for propane dehydrogenationwas evaluated,which was prepared with HZSM-5 zeolite treated by 2.0 mol·L^-1 organic base solution.The catalyst exhibited good activity and stability,propane conversion of 34.93% and the selectivity to propylene 98.67% were obtained after reaction for 120 h.

Using nickel-tungsten as active metals and TiO₂-Al₂O₃ as the support,Ni-W/TiO₂-Al₂O₃ catalysts for the hydrodesulfurization of heavy oil were prepared by wetness impregnation.The effects of the modification of lanthanum,ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA) and La in cooperation with EDTA on the structure and hydrodesulfurization performance of the catalysts were investigated.The catalysts were characterized byXRD,BET,H₂-TPR and SEM.The results indicated that La and EDTA could weaken the interaction between support and active component,facilitate the reduction of active component,and benefit the formation of Ni-W-S phase.Addition of La or EDTA could increase the surface area and suppress the agglomeration of active metals on surface,formingsmaller and highly dispersed active phase particles.The La,EDTA and combined La and EDTA modified catalysts possessed higher HDS activity than Ni-W sample,Ni-W-La-E catalyst had the highest HDS activity,and its thiophene conversion reached 99.7%.

The holocrystalline ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst was prepared and its catalytic performance in the process of C₄ olefins catalytic cracking to propylene was investigated.The holocrystalline ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts were characterized by XRD,BET,SEM and NH₃-TPD methods.The results showed that the holocrystalline ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst had higher crystallinity,larger specific surface area,richer pore structures and more active centers than regular ZSM-5 catalyst.Higher space velocity,lower reaction pressure and higher reaction temperature were good for the reaction of C₄ olefins catalytic cracking.Based on the above results,the holocrystalline ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst was applied in the industrial unit of C₄ olefins catalytic cracking,and a good application result was obtained.

Acidic ionic liquid [SO₃H-Bmim]HSO₄ was synthesized by two-step method,and its infrared spectrum structure and conductivity were characterized.Using [SO₃H-Bmim]HSO₄ as the electrolyte,together with prepared anode and cathode materials,a single ionic liquid fuel cell(ILFC) was assembled in stainless steel material shell.The performance of fuel cell was tested by voltammetry method at 80 ℃ with methanol as fuel and air as oxygen source.The power density of 0.19 mW·cm^-2 was obtained,which was helpful to open up a new way to the actual utilization of methanol fuel cell.

Using Al₂O₃ as the carrier,Ni as the active component and La,Ce,Fe,Cr,Co as the additives,M/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst was prepared by incipient wet and stepwise impregnation method.The performance of M/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst,and the influence of reaction temperatures,water/carbon molar ratios,liquid space velocity on hydrogen yield were investigated in a fixed bed tubular reactor.The catalyst was characterized by means of XRD,SEM and BET techniques.The results indicated that NiLaCeFeCrCo/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst had good catalytic performance,under the optimized reaction condition of reaction temperature 700 ℃,water/carbon molar ratio 10,liquid space velocity of kerosene 6 min^-1,the yield of hydrogen reached 27.335 mol per molar kerosene,and the catalyst exhibited better activity within 300 min,the average yield of hydrogen reached 21.966 mol per molar kerosene.

Using nickel nitrate and ammonium metatungstate as the precursors and active carbon(AC) as the support,Ni-W₂C/AC and Ni/AC catalysts were prepared respectively by incipient-wetness impregnation and hydrogen reduction method.The raw material of JAT and catalysts were characterized by N₂-physisorption,XRD,TEM,TG and XRF.A series of tests of catalytic hydrogenation of fructose or fructose-based energy plant Jerusalem artichoke rhizomes(JAR) to some high value-added polyols were implemented to evaluate the difference between the pump injection and intermittent feeding ways in the tank reactor.The results showed that pump injection feeding way could effectively improve the yields of 1,2-propanediol(1,2-PD) and ethanediol(ED),compared with the intermittent feeding mode at the same reaction temperature.The yields of 1,2-PD and ED were 41.4% and 18.7% from fructose under the condition of initial H₂ pressure 4.0 MPa,temperature 245 ℃,feed rate 0.5 mL·min^-1,and 4%Ni-20%W₂C/AC catalyst,and the total yield increased by 17.9 percentage point.The yields of 1,2-PD and ED were 37.7% and 27.4%,respectively,under the condition as follows:initial H₂ pressure 3.5 MPa and temperature 255 ℃ and JAR as the substrate,and the total yield of two polyols increased by 10.7 percentage point,compared with that of intermittent feeding way.The reasons for improving the yields of 1,2-PD and ED by pump injection feeding mode were also analyzed in combination with the retro-aldol and hydrogenation processes of fructose and glucose under the hydrogen atmosphere.

Acidity adjustment had been the key point of ZSM-5 molecular sieve modification research.Doping of non-metals,alkaline earth metals and transition metals was the main ways to regulating acidity of ZSM-5 molecular sieve.The acidity of ZSM-5 zeolite was improved by changing the types and the amounts of modified elements and tuning the acid sites of inner or outer surface.Normally,within the specific limits and on ZSM-5 zeolite modified by P,Mg and Ca,the strong acid sites decreased and the weak acid sites increased.Boron element only affected the weak acid sites of ZSM-5 zeolite.B acid sites decreased and L acid sites increased on ZSM-5 zeolite modified by Zn and Ga.For Cu,Ag modified ZSM-5 zeolite,the reduced state,Cu-ZSM-5 and Ag-ZSM-5,which caused by the oxido-reduction,had higher B acid sites,better steaming stability and higher cracking activity.Acid content and strength of acid sites on ZSM-5 zeolite modified by W decreased.Additionally,the relationship between the acid properties of molecular sieves and the catalytic performance in different reaction systems was also discussed,which provided support for the fabrication of ZSM-5 zeolite with high catalytic performance.

Due to their outstanding physicochemical properties,USY zeolites have been widely used in petroleum chemical industry and has shown excellent catalytic crackingperformance.With the progress intechnology,modification and widen application of USY zeolitesin various fields have become thefocus of research.The advancesin the modification and application of USY zeoliteswere introduced.In the aspect of modification,the latest research progress in acid and alkali modification,metal modification and mixing modification methods of USY zeoliteswas summarized;the application of USY zeolites in petrochemical,organic synthesis,biomass degradation and environmental protection,selectivecatalysis of inorganic substances,and the application of electrochemistrywere discussed.

The influence of active components,carriers and additives on catalytic performance of the methane synthesis catalyst was investigated.The reasons and the mechanismof sintering deactivation of catalysts were analyzed.The measures of improving catalyst sintering resistance were introduced.The prospected of methane synthesis catalyst was predictedand development of the carrier with highspecific area,adding additives,met al particles confinedwere the maindirection to improve the sintering resistance ability of methane synthesis catalyst.

One of the most important reasons for the deactivation of V-Ti-based catalyst for De-NO_x was calcium poisoning.In this paper,the calcium poisoning mechanism of the De-NO_x catalyst was introduced.Besides,the main methods for regenerating the calcium-poisoned catalyst were listed,and their principles and advantages and disadvantages were compared.Finally,the prospect for the development of regenerated catalyst was analyzed.

Supported FeO_x/MgF₂ catalysts with different Fe contents were prepared by an impregnation method and tested for the gas phase dehydrofluorination of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa).The results showed that the overall activities of the catalysts followed the order of 3FeO_x/MgF₂>6FeO_x/MgF₂> 1FeO_x/MgF₂>MgF₂,and the highest HFC-245fa conversion 80.8% was obtained on the 3FeO_x/MgF₂ at 340 ℃.The NH₃-TPD results indicated that the surface acidity of the catalyst was closely related to the amount of Fe loading.The high surface acidity on the 3FeO_x/MgF₂ was due to the highly dispersed FeO_x species strongly interacting with the MgF₂ support.Meanwhile,the carbon deposited on the surface of 3FeO_x/MgF₂ catalyst did not affect the catalyst stability,which showed long-term stability in 100 h reaction.The enhanced activities on the FeO_x/MgF₂ catalysts were probably due to the formation of some active FeO_xF_y species through the reaction between FeO_x and HF.

A series of Cu-Ce-O/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts with different Cu/Ce ratio were prepared by citrate method and characterized by XRD,H₂-TPR and testedactivityfor oxidation of carbon monoxide in continuous micro-fixed bed reactor.The results showed that there werecrystalline peaks of CeO₂ and CuO in Cu-Ce-O/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts besides γ-Al₂O₃.High temperature hydrothermal conditioninduced aggregation and grain growth of active components and the formation of CuAl₂O₄ in the Cu-Ce-O/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst.The amount of $[Cu^{2+}_{1-x}Cu^{+}_{x}][O_{1-\frac{1}{2}x}□\frac{1}{2}x]$ increased because of the intergrowth between CuO and CeO₂,Cu⁺and oxygen vacancy increased,the H₂-TPR reduction peak shifted to the low temperature region.The catalytic oxidation activity of CO was improved so that $T^{CO}_{50}$ and $T^{CO}_{90}$ of Cu-Ce-O/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst were reduced.The $T^{CO}_{50}$ and $T^{CO}_{90}$ of Cu-Ce-O/γ-Al₂O₃-55-catalyst were reduced to 162 ℃ and 199 ℃ respectively when Cu∶Ce ratio was 5∶5,here the synergidtic effect was the best.The interaction between CuO and CeO₂ inhibited aggregation and grain growth of the active components in the high temperature hydrothermal environment which was beneficial to maintain high activity of CO catalytic oxidation of Cu-Ce-O/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst.

Series of nano HZSM-5 catalysts with different Si/Al ratios were synthesized by hydrothermal methods using tetrapropylammonium hydroxide as template and organic molecule L-Lysine as additives. The relationship between the structural morphology,acidity of the catalysts and the catalytic activity in the esterification was discussed for the first time by means of XRD,SEM,Py-FTIR,N₂ adsorption-desorption techniques and so on.It was found that the acidity and the structural morphology of catalysts such as specific surface pore size,pore volume and so on had synergetic effects on catalytic activity;under the optimal reaction conditions:acetic acid 0.125 mole,n(acetic acid)∶n(butanol)=2∶1,benzene amount 10 mL catalyst amount 0.4 g,reaction temperature 115 ℃,reaction time 4.5 h,the conversion of acrylic acid could reach up to 93.65%,selectivity of butyl acetate was over 97%.After six times of repeated using,the conversion of acrylic acid still maintained about 90% over HZSM-5,which indicated it was an ideal solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of butyl acetate.

The main contents of this paper were to study the preparation methods of different nickel-based desulfurization adsorbents and evaluate the performance before and after modification.A solution of 100 ppm thiophene in benzene was used as the model solution.Nickel oxidein adsorbent was active component.The desulfurization performance of each adsorbent was evaluated,and the isothermal adsorption curve was analyzed.The changes of desulfurization performance before and after modification and regeneration were analyzed.The results showed that the adsorption effect of the adsorbents prepared by different methods was different.The surface active components of the adsorbents prepared by the precipitation method wereevenly distributed,the half width wassmall,the crystallinity was high,the adsorption capacity was large and the operation was simple.Adsorbent modified by adding zinc oxide showed better catalytic activityand the interaction between the active component and the carrier was enhanced.The regeneration performance of the adsorbent prepared by the precipitation method was excellent and could be reused very well.

Using Bi(NO₃)₅·5H₂O、NaBr and H₂WO₄ as the raw materials,the visible-light photocatalyst WO₃/BiOBr of different n(W)∶n(Br) was synthesized by hydrothermal process.The as-prepared photocatalysts were characterized by SEM and TEM.The influerence of precursor solution pH,hydrothermal synthetic temperatures and time on catalytic activity of WO₃/BiOBr photocatalysts was investigated by using methyl orange dye wastewater as probe pollutant.The results showed that WO₃/BiOBr photocatalysts possessed the best photocatalytic activity under the preparation condition of precursor solution pH 10.2,hydrothermal syntheic temperature 100 ℃,hydrothermal synthetic time 6 h and W/Br molar ratio 0.02.After visible-light illumination for 120min,methyl orange degradation conversionover WO₃/BiOBrphotocatalysts was 99.39%,which was 30.85% higher than BiOBr prepared under the condition of original PH and 100 ℃ hydrothermal reaction for 24 h.Therefore,WO₃/BiOBr synthesised by hydrothermal method exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation.

The liquid phase products were obtained from pyrolysis of mixed waste plastics,and analyzed by SH/T 0558 gas chromatography simulation distillation and component testing.The text introduced the method for rapid determination of pyrolysis oil distillation products by SH/T 0558.The method used a mixture of nC₉ and nC₁₀ as an internal standard for simulated distillation of pyrolysis oil,conventional peak area normalization analysis method,and then gave a test report of chromatographic analogue distillation after treatment.The method had the advantages of less sample consumption,simple operation,fast analysis speed,accurate result and maximum relative standard deviation was 0.75%.The results showed that SH/T 0558 gas chromatography simulation distillationcould simulate pyrolysis oil well.And the liquid products obtained by pyrolysis andcatalytic pyrolysis of mixed waste plastics had higher content of gasoline and diesel oil.Saturated hydrocarbons,aromatics and olefins were detected in two kinds of oil samples obtained from thermal cracking and catalytic cracking of mixed plastics.The amount of olefins and aromatics was 85.2%after a catalyst wasinvolved in the pyrolysis of mixed plastics.The gasoline octane number would be very high,that could be used as component of high grade gasoline.

The intrinsical kineticsal of heavy aromatic transalkylation reactionon FTH-2 catalysts was investigated.The kinetic experiments were carried out under the conditions of excluding the effects of internal and external diffusion to determine the main reaction with variable space velocity experiments.The kinetic model was established,and the ordinary differential equation was used to estimate the parameters.The parameters were optimized by MATLAB programming,and the model parameters were tested.The intrinsical kinetic equations determined for the transalkylation reactions of benzene and heavy aromatics was as follow:$r_{1}=1.3027\times10^{4}exp(-\frac{6.927}{RT})·y^{0.73}_{TIPB}·y^{2.41}_{B}·y^{-0.64}_{IPB}$

Linear alkyl benzenes(LAB),the primary intermediates in detergent industry,are commercially manufactured by the alkylation of benzene with n-alkenes under the catalyst of HF or AlCl₃.Among LAB isomers,2-phenyl isomers (2-LAB) are the most favorable materials for the production of ecofriendly domestic and industrial detergents because of their high solubility and biodegradability.Here,zeolite LB-16is prepared from the mixture of the inorganic silica and organic silane by hydrothermal method.Then,organosiliconzeolite is applied for the alkylation of benzene with 1-dodecene.The results show extremely high 1-dodecene conversion at 463 K when benzene/olefin is 15 and WHSV is 0.2 h^-1.Moreover,the conversion maintains at 99% and 2-LAB isomer selectivity is about 51% during 1 000 h time on stream,showing adequate catalytic stability for commercial viability.It is anticipated that zeolite LB-16 may see applications in LAB production and industrial acid catalyzed reactions.