Compared with the traditional ZSM-5 zeolite,hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites has the characteristics of small steric hindrance,high mass transfer efficiency and less coke,and has been widely used in molecular sieve field in recent years.Generally,hierarchical porous zeolites can be synthesized by “top-down” and “bottom-up”.Compared with “top-down”,the “bottom-up” can better control the structure and pore size of mesopores.The method of synthesizing hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites by soft template method was summarized,including traditional surfactant,amphiphilic organosilane,bifunctional multi-quaternary ammonium salt surfactant and high molecular polymer.The characteristics and mechanism of different soft templating agents were analyzed.The structure and catalytic performance of the synthesized zeolites were introduced.It was pointed out that in the future research,new functional template agents with lower price could be designed to optimize the synthesis process.Under the premise of understanding the synthesis mechanism,researchers could find a simple and environmentally friendly synthesis route and push it into actual industrial production.

As a widespread used raw material of chemical industry,dimethoxymethane synthesis technology had been innovated,developed and improved.The synthesis technology for dimethoxymethane was summarized and evaluated according to the differences of reaction feedstock and technological process.These technologies included dimethoxymethane preparation from methanol and formaldehyde by catalytic condensation reaction,methanol and polyformaldehyde reacting to prepare dimethoxymethane,dimethoxymethane production from methanol oxidation using one-step method,ionic liquids electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol to dimethoxymethane,dimethoxymethane production from dimethyl oxidation,dimethoxymethane synthesis from dibromomethane,dimethoxymethane production from syngas,methanol reacting with carbon dioxide to prepare dimethoxymethane,and so on.Dimethoxymethane preparation from methanol and formaldehyde by condensation is still the mainstream process.Dimethoxymethane production from methanol using one-step method is widely studied for its advantages in environment and investment,which will be the most promising new technology for industrialization,and bifunctional catalysts with both redox and acidity are needed for technical breakthrough.

The CoMnO_x/Al₂O₃/monolith catalyst for ozone elimination had been prepared by washcoating using Al sol as a binder.The dependence of the mechanical stability of monolithic catalysts was investigated on the particle properties,the rheological properties of the slurry and the calcined temperature.It was pointed out that the weight loss was only 2.5% after ultrasonic treatment for 30 min when washcoating was performed under Al₂O₃/CoMnOxmass fraction of 1∶4,ball milling time of 2 h,slurry pH=3.5-4.0,dispersant polyethylene glycol mass fraction of 6%,and calcinations temperature of 400 ℃.Furthermore,the catalytic activity of the CoMnO_x/Al₂O₃/monolith for ozone decomposition was excellent under the inlet ozone volume concentration of 15×10^-6 and space velocity of 60 000 h^-1.The ozone conversion kept above 99.8% at 90 ℃ after 670 h of reaction.With the descent of temperature to 80 ℃,the ozone conversion was maintained above 99% for additional 400 h.

A series of pseudoboehmite and porous γ-Al₂O3with high-purity were synthesized from aluminum isopropoxid by changing the composition of hydration fluid,hydration temperature and hydration time during hydrolysis-hydration process.The results showed that the presence of isopropanol in the hydration solution cinhibited the crystallization of amorphous aluminum hydroxide,and contributed to the formation of alumina with large pore size,high specific surface and large pore volume.Under pure water system,gibbsite phase appeard bellow 60 ℃,and the pseudo-boehmite was product above 60 ℃.The pore structure of γ-Al₂O₃ was related to the crystallinity of the pseudoboehmite.Pore size and pore volume of the alumina obtained by calcination increased with the increase of pseudo-boehmite grains.Therefore,the change of hydration conditions can realize the control of pseudo-boehmite structure,and then obtain porous alumina with different structures.This study will provide a new method and theoretical basis for the large-scale synthesis of high-purity pseudoboehmite and porous alumina.

In this paper,Pt-Sn/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts were prepared by co-impregnation and sequential impregnation methods,and tested in a fixed-bed reactor for the hydrogenation of n-butane.The results showed that the catalyst prepared by sequential impregnation method had higher catalytic activity than that prepared by co-impregnation method.At the same time,when the catalyst was prepared by equal volume impregnation method,competitive adsorption between the active components and the support happened,which would affect the dispersion of the active metal components on the surface of the support,and then affect the activity of the catalysts.

Doublel perovskite catalyst Sr₂FeNiO₆ was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis.The influence of KOH concentrations(4 mol·L^-1,6 mol·L^-1,8 mol·L^-1,10 mol·L^-1,12 mol·L^-1,14 mol·L^-1) on catalyst performance was investigated.The title catalysts were characterized by XRD,BET,H₂-TPR and SEM techniques.The catalytic activity was evaluated in methane combustion.The results show that KOH concentration has great influence on the performance of catalysts.When KOH concentration is 10 mol·L^-1,the light-off temperature is the lowest and the conversion of 10% is obtained at 430 ℃.The catalyst Sr₂FeNiO₆ retains a specific surface area of 19.0 m²·g^-1 and the conversion 90% is obtained at 610 ℃ when the KOH concentration is 8 mol·L^-1

Silica sol was used as the binder for preparation of plate-type VMo/Ti catalyst.The effects of the addition of silica sol on the physicochemical property and catalytic activity of the catalyst were investigated.It was found that the presence of silica sol effectively enhanced the attrition strength of the catalyst,increased the BET surface area of the catalyst,and improved the dispersion of the active sites.However,the addition of silica sol decreased the reducibility and acidity of the catalyst simultaneously,which had adverse effect on its catalytic performance.Among the catalysts studied,VMo/Si(5)-Ti catalysts was considered to be a suitable kind of industrial catalyst.

The catalysts were prepared by step-by-step incipient wetness impregnation method.The effects of Ru loading and Ru precursors on the selective CO methanation activity of the catalyst and temperature window of fuel cell hydrogen supply were investigated.The experimental results show that the catalyst with Ru loading of 1% has better selective CO methanation activity and the widest operating temperature window for hydrogen supply for fuel cell.In catalyst prepared from Ru(NO)(NO₃)₃,Ru metal dispersion is poor,and low temperature CO methanation activity and high temperature CO methanation selectivity are poor,the operating temperature window is only 15 ℃;Catalyst prepared from RuCl₃·xH₂O has good selective CO methanation activity and almost 60 ℃ operating temperature window,and washed with deionized water to remove chlorine ions has no obvious effect on the performance of the catalyst.

The Fenton-like catalyst of diatom soil/solid super acid was prepared by ultrasonic impregnation,sol-gel and co-precipitation method respectively,and characterized by XRD,SEM,FT-IR.The catalyst activity was tested by rhodamine B simulation formulation dye wastewater,and the effect of preparation conditions on catalyst performance was analyzed.The results showed that the catalyst prepared by co-precipitation when roastedin air at 500 ℃ for 3 h had the best activity.Under this condition,thedecolorizationefficiency of diatoms/solid super acid catalysts for rhodamine B could reach 97.63%.The prepared catalyst had super acidity,andthe active substance was evenly distributed on the surface of the diatom soil layer structure.The whole load process does not cause damage to the diatom soil structure.Therewere obvious Fe₂O₃-$S^{2-}_{4}$ diffraction peaks in the prepared catalysts.

Herein,a series of imidazolium sulfonate ionic liquid catalysts were applied to the synthesis of glycerol triacetate from glycerin and acetic acid.Meaningfully,the results showed that [(n-Bu-SO₃H)MIm][HSO₄]had the best catalytic performance.Additionally,[(n-Bu-SO₃H)MIm][HSO₄]/SiO₂ (BHS) was prepared by a wet impregnation method and the structure was characterized by FT-IR.Meanwhile,the effects of reaction conditions on glycerol conversion and glycerol triacetate (GTA) selectivity were investigated.Experimental results showed that glycerol conversion of 97.2%,GTA selectivity of 21.2% were obtained when catalyst mass fraction was 8% and acetic acid/glycerol molar ratio was 6∶1 at reaction temperature of 110 ℃ for 8 h.Significantly,recovered catalyst had excellent catalytic activity and reusability,after four successive runs,glycerol conversion and GTA selectivity had no obvious change.

The process of producing 2B oil by liquid phase hydrogenation of 2-chloro-4-nitrotoluene(2C4NT) over PdCe/Al₂O₃ catalyst was studied.The effects of rare earth modification and impregnation solvent on the performance of the catalyst,the influence of reaction conditions on the conversion of 2C4NT and selectivity of product were investigated.Finally,the stability of the catalyst was investigated.The results showed that Ce modification and ethanol impregnation could increase the activity of PdCe/Al₂O₃ catalyst.Conversion of 2C4NT and selectivity of reaction were highest at the reaction temperature of 120 ℃,reaction pressure of 0.8 MPa,and mass airspeed of 0.4 h^-1.When running continuously for 30 d,the conversion of 2C4NT was maintained above 99.5%,and the selectivity was maintained above 99.3%.

Phthalocyanine composited catalyst was prepared by dipping method and characterized by SEM,XRD and FT-IR.The effect of the degradation conditions on the photocatalytic performance of composited catalyst for tetracycline was investigated.The results showed that the tetracycline degradation efficiency was up to 99% when the solution was weakly basic,the amount of hydrogen peroxide was 1.5 mmol·L^-1 as the light beginning,the mole ratio of catalyst to tetracycline was 0.008 5∶1,and the light time was 60 min.

UV/TiO₂ photocatalytic technology can oxidize Hg⁰ in flue gas by TiO₂ catalyst.In this paper,the related factors of Hg⁰ removal rate were studied by self-made UV/TiO₂ oxidation test bench.The results show that a small amount of Hg⁰ can be removed without catalyst and UV lamp.The removal efficiency increases with the increase of catalyst active component content.However,the rate of ascending decreases gradually.In the experimental temperature range of (50-200) ℃,the removal efficiency does not change significantly.While the removal efficiency decreases with the increase of the initial concentration of Hg⁰.The removal efficiency tends to increase to a constant with the increase of oxygen content in the flue gas.Therefore,the oxidation process can provide theoretical guidance for mercury removal from coal-fired power plants.

Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) was employed to treat cephalosporin wastewater by RCT catalysts and the effect of typical inorganic anions on the performance of CWAO was investigated.Results showed that effectively degradation of pollutants could be acquired without anions,and the TOC and TN removal were 78.3% and 85.9% respectively.Most of the organic N was converted into $N_{2}$ and a small part into $NO_{3}-N$.Anions F^-,Cl^-,Br^-,I-and $S^{2-}_{4}$ had little effect on the degradation of TN,while $NO^{-}_{3}$,$P^{3-}_{4}$,$CO^{2-}_{3}$,$SiO^{2-}_{3}$ and $B_{4}O^{2-}_{7}$ significantly inhibited the removal of TN.The presence of F^-,Cl^-,Br^-,I- and $NO^{1-}_3$ promote the degradation of TOC (I^->F^->Cl^->Br^->$NO^{-}_{3}$),and the TOC removal increased by 3.1%~18.6%.The presence of $SO^{2-}_{4}$,P,$P^{3-}_{4}$,$CO^{2-}_{3}$,Si and $B_{4}O^{2-}_{7}$ inhibited the degradation of TOC ($SiO^{2-}_{3}$)>P,$P^{3-}_{4}$>$CO^{2-}_{3}$>$B_{4}O^{2-}_{7}$>$S^{2-}_{4}$),and the TOC removal decreased by 2.0%~46.9%.The effect of Cl- concentration on the CWAO performance was also investigated.The removal of TOC was inhibited at lower Cl- concntration (0.1 mol·L-1),while higher Cl- concentration (≥0.3 mol·L-1) could enhance the removal of TOC.The presence of Cl- promoted the removal of TN,but with the rise of Cl- concentration [(0.1~0.8) mol·L-1],the TN removal did not change clearly (about 88%).

Transition aluminas hydration occurs when they are applied in water-containing process.Alum-inas stability in aqueous phase is a key issue for catalytic processes,as their hydration is strongly detrimental to their physico-chemical and mechanical properties.There are two mechanisms that may well occur in parallel during aluminas hydration: surface hydration through hydrolysis of Al-O bonds or dissolution of γ-Al₂O₃ and subsequent precipitation of hydrated aluminas.Besides the formation of spinel structure on aluminas surface can retards their hydration,Si/P modified aluminas can also enhance their hydrothermal-stability by eliminating the surface OH groups and forming more stable Si-O-Al/P-O-Al structure on aluminas surface.

The formation of coke and its effect on the performance of catalyst in FCC were analyzed.The formation of coke is closely related to the cyclization,hydrogen transfer,alkylation and condensation of unsaturated molecular hydrocarbons such as aromatics and olefins.At the initial stage of FCC process,the coke yield is at a low level and the increase is not significant,which is mainly from the adsorption coke of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons;With the increase of reaction depth,the coke yield increases obviously and then increases sharply,which mainly comes from the coke formed in catalytic reaction and the adsorption of coke precursors.The effect of coke on the performance of catalyst is mainly manifested in pore plugging and acid center poisoning.Coke is mainly deposited on the outer surface of the zeolites or at the pore openning,so that the reactant molecules cannot approach the acid site inside pore.A small amount of coke remained on regenerated catalyst is mainly located in zeolites,which leads to a large loss of specific surface area,pore volume and acid content of catalyst.Based on above analysis,some measures to reduce FCC coke are put forward,which can provide basis for developing FCC catalyst and process with low coke yield.

A series of cerium zirconium solid solutions Ce_xZr_1-xO₂ with different Ce/Zr molar ratios (x=0.9,0.7,0.5,0.3,0.1) were synthesized by co-precipitation method.The effects of the Ce/Zr molar ratio on the catalytic activity of H₂S selective catalytic oxidation were investigated.XRD,BET,Raman,XPS,CO₂-TPD,O₂-TPD,H₂-TPR were used to characterize the crystal structure,surface properties,basic sites and redox properties of cerium zirconium solid solutions.The cerium zirconium solid solution catalysts have excellent low-temperature catalytic activities under stoichiometric oxygen.The catalytic activity grows with the increase of Ce/Zr ratio where Ce_0.9Zr_0.1O₂ has the highest catalytic activity.H₂S conversion at (160-260) ℃ is kept above 95% and the sulfur yield can reach 97% at 180 ℃.The reason is that Ce_0.9Zr_0.1O₂ has the largest amount of moderate basic sites and active sites,at the same time,the strongest redox properties.Moreover,Ce⁴⁺ is speculated as the active site of the catalytic reaction and follows the redox mechanism.Additionally,the deactivation of the catalyst is mainly due to the formation of sulfate species on the catalyst surface,consuming the active site Ce⁴⁺.

A series of SSZ-13 zeolites with different particle sizes,and silica-to-aluminum ratios were prep-ared by hydrothermal synthesis via adjusting the synthesis formula.The relationships between the zeolite pore structure,acidic properties,and catalytic performance were investigated.XRD,SEM,XRF,N₂ adsorption-desorption and ²⁷Al MAS NMR were adopted to characterize the zeolite samples in detail and their MTO catalytic performance were evaluated.The results show that the SSZ-13 zeolites with ultra-small crystal size have relatively high crystallinity and uniform grain size.The catalytic lifetime of the small crystal SSZ-13 zeolitesare significantly higher than that of the SSZ-13 zeolites with larger crystal size;the molecular diffusion efficiency can be improvedby reducing the grain size,therefore,the activity stability of the zeolite catalyst could be promoted by increasing the density of the strong acid sites.

NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst was prepared by equal volume impregnation.The effects on the hydrogenation of naphthalene to tetralin of NiMo/γ-Al₂ O₃prepared by different conditions were investigated on a slurry-phase hydrocracking reactor.The results show that the catalysts prepared under different conditions have a significant influence on the hydrogenation activity.The optimal preparation conditions of NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst are as follows:the metal components Ni and Mo are supported by the co-impregnation method,and the calcination is performed at 500 ℃ for 4 h,under this condition,the selectivity of tetralin is up to 95.2%.

Since CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol can not only effectively alleviate the severe problem of global temperature rise caused by the greenhouse effect,but also promote the resource utilization of CO₂,it has become one of the current research hotspots.The modification of Cu-Zn-Al hydrotalcite (CZA-LDH) was studied in this paper.It was found that taking Cu(NO₃)₂·3H₂O,Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O and Al(NO₃)₃·9H₂O as raw materials,NaOH and NaCO₃ as precipitators,catalyst CZA-LDH was prepared by coprecipitation method.After XRD,FT-IR, N₂ adsorption-desorption,SEM characterization analysis and catalytic performance testing,the data show that the composite metal oxide (Cu-Zn-Al-LDO) obtained by calcining the CZA-LDH with TEA shows the optimal performance.This is because TEA can destroy the crystal structure on the surface,promote the reduction of CuO components in the catalyst,improve the chemisorption capacity of CO₂,and thus improve the CO₂ conversion of the catalyst.

Sulfated zirconia-silica impregnated with Ce or La were prepared by a co-precipitation method from Zr(NO₃)₄·5H₂O and Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O material.Catalysts structural properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),FT-IR,TG and SEM.The catalytic activity was valued in the esterification of butyl stearate.Influence of various preparation parameters on catalytic performance and catalyst reusability were studied.The results showed that the activities and stabilities of the S₂O₈^2-/ZrO₂-SiO₂ catalysts modified by rare earths were improved,and the reuse capacity was also enhanced.

Polymerization behavior of BCZ-108 catalyst for propylene polymerization and the main properties of polypropylene were studied under the conditions of 25,50,100,150,200 and 300 molar ratios of aluminum to titanium,and compared with NA catalyst.The experimental results showed that with the increase of the molar ratio of Al/Ti,the polymerization rate of the two catalysts decreased faster and faster,the stereospecimetric property and melting point of polypropylene were lower and lower,and the molecular weight distribution was wider and wider.The polymerization activity of BCZ-108 catalyst was 30% higher than that of NA catalyst.The polymerization activity of the two catalysts reached the highest when the molar ratio of Al/Ti was 50,and the activity of BCZ -108 catalyst was 1 212 g·g^-1 and that of NA catalyst was 907 g·g^-1.

The sampling analysis of hydrocracking catalyst was conducted when the diesel hydrocracking unit in a refinery was shut down to replace catalyst.The specific surface area and aperture analyzer,carbon sulfur analyzer (C-S),and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) were carried out to analyze hydrocracking catalyst after toluene extraction and regeneration.The results showed that the specific surface area and pore volume of the deactivated hydrocracking catalyst were significantly reduced.Under the optimal regeneration condition,the carbon content of regenerated hydrocracking catalyst decreased to 0.360%,and there were no obvious impurities depositing on the surface of hydrocracking catalyst or other locations.But the specific surface area loss of regenerated hydrocracking catalyst was about 21.5%,in which the specific surface area loss of micropores accounted for about 87.2%,and the pore volume loss was about 17.4%.The main reason for the specific surface area and pore loss of hydrocracking catalyst is the sintering and agglomeration of zeolite grains under high temperature reaction for a long time.

The catalyst LY-2008 (sulfurized state) produced by Lanzhou Chemical Research Center of PetroChina Company Limited was used for the first time in the two cracking gasoline hydrogenation units of Daqing Petrochemical Company.After being put into operation,the operation data of the catalyst was tracked and analyzed.At present,the operation status is good,and all indicators meet the requirements of the technical agreement.Through the use of domestic catalysts to reduce production costs and improve business efficiency.

In view of the problem of coke yield increase in a 1 000 kt·a^-1 heavy oil catalytic cracking unit,through the investigation and adjustment of material loss and six coke generation ways one by one,it is finally determined that the coke generation increase is caused by too strong thermal cracking reaction. After taking corresponding measures,the average coke yield was reduced from 9.02% to 7.50%.

Under the process conditions for selective hydrogenation of ethylene produced by ethane crac-king,the effects of carrier calcination temperature,Ag content of additives,pH value,CO content and space velocity on the performance of Pd-Ag/α-Al₂O₃ catalyst prepared by equal volume impregnation were investigated.The results show that the increase in the calcination temperature of the carrier helps to improve the activity of the catalyst.The Ag content of the catalyst increases,the reaction temperature does not change much,and the selectivity and anti-coking performance increase.The preparation of catalysts with different solution pH has little difference in hydrogenation performance,but if the acidity of the solution is too high,it will reduce the anti-coking performance of the catalyst.With the increase of CO,the conversion of acetylene decreases,and the ethylene selectivity first increases and then decreases.In order to ensure the catalyst selectivity,the CO in the raw material is best maintained at (700-1 600) μL·L^-1.As the space velocity increases,the conversion of acetylene decreases and the selectivity of ethylene increases.

The anaerobic pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis of stale waste in landfill has comparatively study with HZSM-5,HY and HBeta zeolite catalysts.It showed the addition of zeolite catalyst not only had significant effect on the pyrolysis products yield,but also enhanced the quality of the pyrolysis gas oil.By comparing the three catalysts,it was found that HZSM-5 was more conducive to the generation of pyrolysis gas,which displayed the highest calorific value of 67.45 MJ·m^-3. Meanwhile,it also exhibited the highestcomponent of gasoline of 65.4% and the lowest component of heavy distillate of 6.9%.Compared with it,HY and HBeta obtained more pyrolysis oil production,and the content of light diesel in pyrolysis oil was 38.1% and 41.4%,respectively.The huge different catalytic pyrolysis products and properties obtained from the three catalysts mainly ascribed to the dramatically difference of pore structure and texture and acid properties.

The core of RFCC is to improve the heavy oil conversion capacity of feedstock.The research direction of the corresponding catalyst is to improve the hydrothermal stability and pore connectivity of the catalyst, improve the primary cracking capacity,and reduce the diffusion limit of heavy oil molecules in the catalyst.In-situ crystallization of zeolite catalyst from kaolin group minerals has advantages of strong heavy oil conversion ability,hydrothermal stability and heavy metal resistance.In the present study, the research progress of different technical routes of in-situ crystallized catalysts prepared from natural kaolin group minerals is introduced,and the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies are analyzed.Finally,it is proposed that development direction of this type of catalyst is to find high-quality kaolin source,synthesize nano molecular sieve,improve pore structure and optimize active center distribution.

This article reviews the development of metal organle frameworks (MOFs) materials in recent years.The synthesis methods,applications and structural characteristics of MOFs materials are summarized accordingly.Finally,the development prospects of MOFS materials are prospected.

Nitric oxides (NO_x),especially NO,are one of the major air pollutants,which cause environmental problems,such as photo-chemicalsmog,acid rain and so on.The catalytic oxidation of NO to NO₂ is the key step in NO_x elimination.In recent decades,NO oxidation catalysts have been widely studied.The catalysts were divided into four series,including supported noble metal and metal oxides catalysts,multi-metal oxides catalysts,perovskite type catalysts and carbon-based catalysts.This paper generally summarized the research progress on catalysts,evaluation of catalytic performance in NO oxidation,mechanistic investigations and SO₂/H₂O tolerance.Finally,the perspective and the future direction of NO oxidation catalysts were presented.

The research on catalysts used for synthesizing polyalphaolefin in recent years has been reviewed,and the applications and superiorities of polyalphaolefin lubricating oil are introduced.The advantages and disadvantages of AlCl₃ catalysts,BF₃ catalysts,ionic liquid catalysts,Ziegler-Natta catalysts and metallocene catalysts are summarized.Finally,the prospects of catalysts for preparation of polyalphaolefin are discussed.

Zinc-aluminum hydrotalcite was prepared by co-precipitation method.The catalytic hydrolysis performance of carbonyl sulfide (COS) over composite oxides (LDO) derived from zinc-aluminum hydrotalcite by calcining under air and NH₃ was investigated.The structure and physic-chemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by the N₂ adsorption-desorption measurement,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),temperature-programmed desorption(TPD) and so on.For N-doping catalyst,the improved catalytic performance(activity,stabitily and sulfur capacity) was due mainly to the decrease of the amount of O species on the surface(O_S) and the enhanced basicity.The COS conversion could be attained as high as 96% even after 1 200 min of reaction.

A confined catalyst was prepared by using titanate nanotubes as a support,in which Ru nanoparticles were confined within the cavities by solvent-evaporation reduction method.The microstructures of titanate nanotubes and confined catalyst were characterized by TEM,N₂ adsorption-desorption and XRD.Due to confinement effect,the Ru confined catalyst showed much higher activity than those catalysts prepared by Ru was supported on the surface of titanate nanotubes and commercial TiO₂ (such as:the confined catalyst had the highest catalytic activity and selectivity under different reaction temperature,hydrogen pressure,substrate concentration and so on).In addition,the Ru confined catalyst also had excellent recyclability, and the reduction of catalytic activity was much less than those of the external supported catalysts when the catalyst was reused for 4 times.The above results show that the confined catalyst has broad application prospects.

Automobile exhaust purification catalysts ware prepared from different slurries and carriers by extrusion filling-vacuum drawing way.The adhesive strength between catalytic coating and ceramic carrier was studied by measuring the peeling rate of coating,observing the microstructure of coatings and interfaces by optical microscope,measuring the pore diameter and particle diameter by mercury porosimeter and laser particle analyzer respectively.The study results indicate that:(1) The coatings prepared by carriers with the product of pore diameter D₉₀ and pore volume of (1.95-6.08) μm·(cm³·g^-1) and slurries with particle diameter D₅₀=(0.80-1.39) μm and D₉₀=(1.54-35.01) μm have good adhesion on carrier,the peeling rate of which is 0.16%~0.25%;(2)The coatings prepared by slurry with particle diameter D₅₀= 0.80 μm and D₉₀=1.54 μm and carriers with the product of pore diameter D₉₀ and pore volume of (1.18-6.08) μm·(cm³·g^-1) have a good adhesion on carrier,the peeling rate of which is 0.17%~0.22%;(3)The adhesive strength of the coatings prepared by large particle diameter slurries increases with the increase of the product of pore diameter D₉₀ and pore volume for carriers.The adhesive strength of the coatings prepared by small pore diameter carriers increases with the decrease of particle diameter (D₅₀ and D₉₀) for slurries.Adjusting the pore diameter of carrier or the particle diameter of slurry is an important way to control the adhesive strength between catalytic coating and ceramic carrier.

The morpholine functionalized acidic lionic liquid was designed and synthesized from morpholine,1,3-propane sulfolactone and sulfuric acid as protonic acid fixed on silica gel.With reaction of acetophenone and glycol to form acetophenone cycloethylene ketal as characterization reaction,influences of dosage of the morpholine functionalized acidic lionic liquid on silica gel catalyst,ratio of acetophenone to glycol,the carbonylation reaction time,the usage of water carrying cyclohexane agent,the recycle of catalyst were discussed,the best reaction conditions was found.The results showed when molar ratio of acetophenone to glycol was 1:1.2,the amount of catalyst was 5% of the mass of acetophenone,the dosage of cyclohexane was 200 mL,and the reaction time was 4 h, the catalyst was reused for 5 times without obvious degradation of catalytic activity,and yield of the product was more than 75% under this optimal conditions.This method takes the advantages of simple operation,mild reaction conditions,high purity and yield of the product.

The effects of carriers,promoters and reductants on the performance of deoxidizer against chlorine poisoning in hydrogen-rich atmosphere were investigated.The results showed that the catalyst with TiO₂ as the carrier,precious metal Pt as active component,non-precious C and M as promoters and reduced by hydrazine hydrate had good deoxidization activity and stability in the hydrogen stream containing chlorine.Compared with the fresh catalyst,the physical properties and reactivity of the catalyst did not change significantly after 700 h reaction.Without increasing the content of precious metal Pt,the addition of promoters C and M could improve the reactivity of the catalyst and reduce the cost.

Ni/Al-1,Ni/Al-2 and Ni-Ru/Al₂O₃ catalysts were prepared through incipient wetness impregnation,characterized by means of BET and H₂-TPR and then investigated for synthesis of cyclopentene by gas-phase hydrogenation of cyclopentadiene.The results indicated that the specific surface area of Ni/Al-2 catalyst was larger than that of Ni/Al-1 catalyst,which resulted in higher dispersion of Ni species,more species that could be reduced to Ni, and higher activity.The addition of Ru to Ni/Al-2 catalyst could reduce the reduction temperature of Ni species on the catalyst surface and higher yield of cyclopentene was obtained at lower hydrogen hydrocarbon ratio and higher cyclopentadiene space velocity.Under the reaction conditions of hydrogen hydrocarbon ratio of 0.54,and cyclopentadiene space velocity of 32.9(g_catalyst·h)^-1,conversion of cyclopentadiene could reach 75%,selectivity and yield of cyclopentene was as high as 89.1%and 67.0% repectively over Ni-Ru/Al₂O₃ catalyst, showing a good prospect of industrial application.

Bismuth-rich bismuth catalyst,bismuth oxyhalide,was firstly prepared by molecular precursor calcining.Effects of calcination time and temperature on activity of the catalyst were investigated in photodegradation of rhodamine B to optimize catalyst preparation condition.Crystal phase,morphology and optical performance of photocatalyst Bi₂₄O₃₁Cl₁₀,Bi₂₄O₃₁Br₁₀ and Bi₅O₇I were characterized by X-ray diffraction,environmental scanning electron microscope,UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS) and photocurrent spectrum(PC).Degradation of phenol in oilfield wastewater was used to evaluate the photocatalytic activity under UV-visible irradiation.After 5 h of reaction,the degradation rates of phenol and bisphenol A were 82.1% and 78.1% respectively over Bi₅O₇I catalyst.This paper provides a new method for preparing bismuth-rich bismuth halogenated bismuth catalyst.

WO₃/BiOCOOH photocatalysts were synthesized by a facile two-step hydrothermal method.By using Rhodamine B dye as the target pollutant, we analyzed some factors that influence the photocatalytic activity,including amount of catalyst,pH value and salt influence.Also,we investigated the reusability of the catalyst.Results showed that when the catalyst dosage was 0.5 g·L^-1,the concentration of Rhodamine B was 20 g·L^-1 and the solution was acidic,the photocatalytic activity was optimum.Degradation of Rhodamine B dye reached 95% after 90 min of visible light irradiation.Electrolyte,such as NaCl,would reduce the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst.The WO₃/BiOCOOH photocatalyst maintained relatively reusability removal for Rhodamine B after five repeated cycles, and the decolorization rate still reached 72.16%.

The g-C₃N₄ composite photocatalyst containing MnFe₂O₄ nanometer spheres was prepared by hydrothermal treatment.The physical and chemical properties of composite photocatalyst were tested,and the effect of hydrothermal preparation parameters on photocatalytic degradation of BPA over MnFe₂O₄/g-C₃N₄ catalyst was studied.The results show that the MnFe₂O₄/g-C₃N₄ forms the diffraction peak corresponding to g-C₃N₄ and MnFe₂O₄,and is free of diffraction peak corresponding to the impurity component.Many small spherical particles of MnFe₂O₄ are distributed on the layered g-C₃N₄ nanometer sheet.The MnFe₂O₄/g-C₃N₄ composite semiconductor can be prepared by hydrothermal process.As the doping amount of MnFeO₄ and catalysts dosage gradually increased,the BPA removal rate firstly increase and then decrease.As changing of pH value,BPA removal efficiency maintains basically stable.At pH value of 9,the maximum removal rate of BPA is 99%.After modification of MnFe₂O₄,the g-C₃N₄ could remove BPA more efficiently.