As one of the key steps in syngas to ethylene glycol,synthesis of dimethyloxalate(DMO) from CO and methyl nitrite has attracted much attention.Recent progress in deactivation and reuse of Pd/α-Al₂O₃catalyst for DMO synthesis was reviewed.Problems existing in the reutilization process of Pd/α-Al₂O₃ catalyst were analyzed,and future development direction was discussed.It was pointed out that research on deactivation of Pd/α-Al₂O₃ catalyst should based on problems in industrial application to develop target regeneration process.Extraction and adsorption process of Pd/α-Al₂O₃ catalyst recovery gradually became focus of this area.Development of high efficiency,low cost and green process was reutilization direction of deactivated Pd/α-Al₂O₃ catalyst.

Research of catalyst rich in meso- and macro-pores is the main development trend of FCC catalyst.At present main ways for preparing catalytic cracking catalysts with meso- and macropores are acid/alkali leaching of kaolin clay,adding macro-porous silica-alumina material,adding meso-porous zeolite,in-situ crystallization and template-preparing method.Macro-pores prepared by acid/alkali leaching of kaolin clay is always heavily impacted by the starting kaolin clay and pore diameter of as-prepared macro-pores are generally less than 10 nm.It is found that macro-porous silica-alumina material can substitute pseudo-boehmite to improve pore structures of FCC catalyst,but the attrition index should be noted.Ways to generate meso-pore in zeolite include hydrothermal treatment,acid/alkali treatment and implanting unstable sites,which apply widely in commercial application.But in these process,crystallinity of Y zeolite are seriously decreased and pore structure is lack of continuity and connectivity.In-situ crystallization is a commercial success for preparing FCC catalyst rich in meso- and macro-pores,but energy-consumption is high and production process is long.Template-preparing method can adjust pore structure by changing template type and content,but environment pollution and attrition index of the catalyst should be noted.

Increasing production of light raw chemical materials such as light olefins and aromatics is an inevitable trend in the development of catalytic pyrolysis technology.Reaction conditions are the crucial factors which affect the catalytic pyrolysis process and product distribution.This review introduces reaction mechanism of catalytic pyrolysis.Some typical reaction conditions including reaction temperature,mass ratio of catalyst to oil,residence time (space velocity),mass ratio of water to oil are being systemically discussed.Additionally,different reactor types and raw oil properties are also under discussion.Finally,we illustrate industrial applications to analyze the effect of reaction conditions.

Cerium modified mesoporous aluminum phosphate (Ce-APO) was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis,and then nanometric dual noble metal Au-Pd was supported on Ce-APO via a in situ reduction method to obtain supported Au-Pd@Ce-APO heterogeneous catalyst.All the prepared catalysts were tested in selective oxidation of cyclohexane with air as oxidant.Effects of hydrothermal temperature,doping amount of Ce,and loaded metal on catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane were investigated.Results suggested that Ce_0.15-APO (140) with Ce mass fraction of 0.15% supported bimetallic [n(Au)∶n(Pd)=3∶1] catalyst prepared under hydrothermal temperature of 140 ℃ was most effective among all the catalysts.Under the reaction conditions of 120 ℃,1 MPa of air pressure,and 1 hour of reaction time,yield of cyclohexanol+ketone could reach 11.81%, and selectivity could reach 99%.Activity did not decrease obviously after used under the same condition for 5 cycles.

Methods for perparing ex-situ presulfurization for coke gas hydrodesulfurization catalysts were studied.Such factors as amount of sulfiding agent added,presulfurization impregnated temperature,impregnated time and impregnated pressure that impact catalyst acticity were investigated. The stability of presulfurization catalysts were also investigated.The research results show that with the mixture of sulfur and organic sulider dissolved in distillate oil made as sulfiding agent,under the condition of temperature is 140 ℃,pressure is 1.0 MPa,the coke gas hydrodesulfurization catalyst impregnated 2 h.The catalysts prepated by this method had more activity and stability than in-situ presulfurization catalysts.

H-beta zeolites catalyst was modified by synergistic effect of two accelerants.Meanwhile,structure,specific surface area and acid change of catalyst were characterized by XRD,BET and Py-IR.Catalyst was tested in alkylatipon of benzene and methanol.Results showed that under the optimum reaction pressure of atmospheric pressure,MHSV=2 h^-1,reaction temperature of 400 ℃,molar ratio of benzene/methanol=1∶1,benzene conversion reached 42.5%,selectivity of toluene was 74.6%,total selectivity of toluene and xylene reached 94.5%.The mechanism of catalytic alkylation was discussed based on study of structure and performance.

A kind of tandem continuous carbonization for preparation of pseudo-boehmite with sodium metaaluminate and carbon dioxide was introduced.The production process could realize continuous feeding and discharging.Dissolved air in advance was introduced to improve the mixing effect of sodium aluminate solution and CO₂.Products were characterized by XRD,IR and so on.It was concluded that using the continuous carbonization process could produce stable products whose pore size distribution was more concentrated,repeatability and reproducibility were more stable.Performance of the product could reach or exceed that on market.

The negative influences caused by frequent shift of FCC catalyst species in current production mode were summarized.Through pilot test and practical statistics on industrial production line,the advantages of longer production term which could be obtained by adopting base catalysts blending technology,such as energy and raw material saving,higher production efficiency and improved catalyst quality,were comparatively discussed.

Modification of HZSM-5 molecular sieve is an effective way to improve the catalytic performance for methanol to gasoline.HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst is modified with nonmetal,rare earth metal and hydrothermal treatment respectively.Effects of these modification methods on acidity,pore size and surface area of HZSM-5 zeolite were investigated.Meanwhile,gasoline yield and aromatic hydrocarbon content of modified HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts were studied.The results showed that yield of gasoline could be obviously increased over La modified catalyst,and content of durene in gasoline produced on hydrothermal treated catalyst is greatly increased.Influence of modified catalysts on reaction can verify the relevant theory to some extent.

Effects of phosphorus on in-situ crystallization resistance of nickel catalysts were investigated in details. The phosphorus-modified samples were characterized by N₂ adsorption-desorption,IR,XRD and tested in fixed fluidized bed.The results showed that phosphorus was loaded on catalyst by impregnation.When catalyst was subjected to a certain amount of nickel contamination,as the mass fraction of phosphorus increased,specific surface area of the catalyst was no longer increased,micro-reaction activity of catalyst decreased,conversion of heavy oil decreased,and yield of C₅ gasoline decreased,did not show good nickel resistance.

Acidity and shape selectivity of Zn-ZSM-5 catalysts were modified by phosphorous.Physicochemical properties of these catalysts were appropriately characterized by N₂ isothermal adsorption-desorption,NH₃ temperature-programmed desorption,powder X-ray diffraction.Results showed that P/Zn-ZSM-5 catalysts had better hydrothermal stability.Acid strength and distribution on zeolite surface were improved by P modification,so as to increase selectivity of light aromatics.Aromatics yield of 40.29% was attained under the condition of reaction pressure 0.1 MPa,space velocity 0.8 h^-1,reaction temperature 437 ℃,and reaction time 240 min.

Co-Li₂O/Al₂O₃ catalyst was prepared by equal volume partial impregnation method.On the basis of single factor experiment,process conditions for water reforming of glycerol to hydrogen over Co-Li₂O/Al₂O₃ catalyst were optimized with Box-Behnken mode of response surface method.A mathematical regression model of reaction was established,and the variance and reliability of the model were analyzed.The results show that the suitable conditions are temperature 641 ℃,water alcohol molar ratio 23.28,glycerol liquid space velocity 0.17 h^-1.Under these conditions,predicted hydrogen yield is 5.111 4 mol·mol^-1,which is in consistent with actual hydrogen yield of 5.125 2 mol·mol^-1.Therefore,the model is valid and reliable.

Two new pyrazolyl pyridine derivatives L1 and L2 connected by calixarene bridge were designed and synthesized by 4-phenyl phenol and 4-tert-butyl phenol.The structure of L1and L2 was ascertained by ¹H NMR,¹³C NMR. The study showed that L1 could accelerate Suzuki cross-coupling reaction in solvent with V (DMF)∶V (水)=2∶1 at 80 ℃.

Catalyst recovery and effect of reaction conditions on selective oxidation of cyclopentene to glutaric acid over reaction-controlled phase-transfer catalyst with hydrogen peroxide as oxidant were investigated.Results showed that the optimum amount of catalyst was 10% of cyclopentene mass,molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide and cyclopentene was 4.15∶1,reaction temperature was 90 ℃ and reaction time was 5 h.Under this condition,yield of glutaric acid was 95.67%, and recovery of the catalyst was 66.78%.Catalyst recovery could be further increased by pyrolysis of residual hydrogen peroxide in the reaction solution.Under the optimum decomposition temperature of 105 ℃ and decomposition time of 6 h,catalyst recovery reached 79.42%.20 L scale-up tests which were conducted using the laboratory process conditions were not significantly different from the results of the small test.

Copolymer of p-phenylenediamine and terephthaloyl dichloride in solvent of N-methyl pyrrolidone/CaCl₂ was investigated with 3,4’-diaminodiphenyl ether added as a third monomer.Effects of reaction time,reaction temperature,dosage of the third monomers,concentration of monomer and dosage of CaCl₂ on inherent viscosity of the copolymer were discussed.Results showed that polymer of high inherent viscosity was obtained when monomer concentration was (0.35~0.40) mol·L^-1 and monomer mass fraction was 25% in solvent of N-methyl pyrrolidone/CaCl₂.Temperature was set to(-10~-5) ℃ and rose to(75~80) ℃ when solution was viscous,and molar ratio of CaCl2to -2NH₂ was 0.4~0.6.

Synthesis,compound and ultrafine treatment of amide type β nucleating agent were introduced. N,N'-Bis-(cyclohexyl)-terephthalamide was synthesized to provide technical support for research and development of amide type β nucleating agent in the future.

Discharge of high fluoride-containing industrial wastewater contaminates water source,and long-term use of high fluoride water causes a variety of fluorosis diseases. Fluorinated water can reach the national first-level emission standard (10 mg·L^-1) by this simple and efficient chemical treatment.Mg-Al-LDHs layered material was synthesized by hydrothermal method with Mg(NO₃)₂,Al(NO₃)₃ as raw material,urea as precipitant.After calcinated at 400 ℃,laminate effective layer space of Mg-Al-LDHs increased,adsorption capacity,crystallinity and structure stability enhanced.Mg-Al-LDHs calcinated at 400 oC was tested for absorption of fluoride ions in high fluoride-containing water.The experimental results showed that when Mg/Al molar ratio was 2∶1,reaction time was 2 h,removal of F^- was 82.61%.This method could remove fluoride efficiently.

As an important chemical raw material,ammonia is mainly produced by the traditional Haber-Bosch process,which has certain limitations such as high energy consumption,severe pollution,and negative impacts on the environment.The synthesis of ammonia from dinitrogen at ambient temperature and pressure is one of the most attractive highlights in the field of chemistry.In this review,several methods of ammonia production are introduced,among which electrocatalytic reduction of nitrogen to ammonia shows good application.The mechanisms of electrocatalytic ammonia production are also introduced firstly,and then three kinds of electrocatalysts commonly used are described,including precious metal catalysts,non-precious metal-based catalysts and non-metal catalysts.Finally,the challenges are outlined in this emerging field.

The rising global consumption of ethanol promoted the rapid development of ethanol preparation technology.Except for petrol additive,ethanol could convert into many high-valued chemicals,such as ethylene,acetonitrile and ethylbenzene,via dehydration,esterification,amination,oxidation,alkylation,carbonylation,etc.Thus,the developments of new route and new technology for converting ethanol are key to ethanol-derived chemical industry.

The advantages and disadvantages of monolithic catalyst compared with traditional catalyst,the research and application of monolithic catalyst in automobile exhaust and environmental protection,heat absorption/heat release and coupled catalytic reforming reaction,transesterification,hydrocarbon combustion or oxidation reaction are introduced.The latest research on structural performance and related mathematical modeling of monolithic catalyst is expounded.Through the system analysis of preparation and application of monolithic catalyst,it is put forward that the monolithic catalyst still needs to solve complicated preparation process,difficult loading of active components and unclear internal structure.At the same time,monolithic catalyst can provide a practical solution to the problem-solving methods and ideas for catalyst development.

With the national implementation of biofuel ethanol production and promotion of vehicle ethanol gasoline,the utilization of isobutene in C₄ fraction has to be considered by researchers and petroleum refining industry.In China,the utilization of C₄ resources, especially isobutene,has always relied on MTBE production route,90% of which is used for gasoline octane number additives.Car energy cleanliness is the only way to develop new energy source.Energy structure in China is undergoing an unprecedented overall restructuring.How to deal with the gradual stepping into the era of ethanol gasoline,how to get clean gasoline and green energy, and how to rearrange C₄ resources such as isobutene?These have become difficulties which the petrochemical enterprises have to face.This paper mainly introduces the main technologies that can be modified or replaced for MTBE production to provide a way out for comprehensive utilization of C₄ resources,especially isobutene.The process characteristics,product properties,market applications of different technologies and so on are carefully analyzed in this paper.It is hoped to be helpful for respond to clean fuel and many other needs in new period.

Hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites were prepared by dry-gel conversion method.XRD,N₂ adsorption-desorption,SEM,TEM and NH₃-TPD were used to investigate the physicochemical properties of the samples synthesized by using different soft templating agents such as triblock copolymer(P123),cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB),dodecyl sulfate(SDS) and polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP).The results showed that the ZSM-5 zeolites prepared by addition of P123 possessed mesopores(2.5 nm)-mesopores(9.5 nm)-micropores hierarchical structure and strong acid properties.In catalytic cracking of n-octane,the hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites exhibited high catalytic activity and light olefines yield,which might be attributed to the synergy effect of strong acid sites and enhanced diffusion mass transfer capacity.

Carbon dioxide is difficult to activate because of its thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertia.BaZrO₃ perovskite catalyst was prepared by co-precipitation method and used in reverse water gas shift reaction(RWGS).The effects of ion doping on the catalytic activity,catalyst structure,reduction and hydrothermal treatment on the structure and properties of the catalyst were investigated by physicochemical characterization and performance evaluation.The results showed that lattice oxygen vacancies were produced in BaZrO₃ catalyst with metal ion doping,which significantly improved the conversion of CO₂,especially Mn ion doping.The crystal structure of the doped catalyst would not be changed,and the reductive activity of the catalyst was improved,the mobility of lattice oxygen was enhanced,and the catalytic activity for RWGS was enhanced.After hydrothermal treatment,the impurities could be removed and the selectivity of the product increased to 99.4%.The conversion of CO₂ over Mn doped BaZrO₃ catalyst was more than 48%,and CO selectivity was more than 99%.The catalyst has good stability and industrial application future.

A series of nMnO_x·HZSM-5 catalysts were prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation,and tested in n-butane catalytic cracking using a continuous flowing micro reactor.Morphology and surface property of nMnO_x·HZSM-5 catalyst were characterized by XRD,NH₃-TPD,Py-IR,BET and SEM techniques.The results indicated that part of Mn component located in the cross of Z-shaped and straight channels of HZSM-5 by solid-state reaction in forms of MnO_x clusters,MnO_x coordinated with the skeleton oxygen of HZSM-5 to generate nMnO_x·HZSM-5 single-phase complexes,which made the crystal cell of HZSM-5 shrink and cell volume abate.With the increasing dosage of active component Mn,the acidity,mainly the strong acid sites of nMnO_x·HZSM-5 decreased,and the ratio of Brϕnsted to Lewis acid sites reduced.Under the condition of gas hourly space velocity 5 600 h^-1 and reaction temperature 625 ℃,the n-butane catalytic cracking conversion over nMnO_x·HZSM-5-0.5 was 76.26%,slightly lower than that over HZSM-5.However,the yield of ethylene and propylene over nMnO_x·HZSM-5-0.5 reached 13.68%,18.93 %,which was 0.76 percent points and 1.09 percent points higher than that over HZSM-5,respectively.It exhibited better performance for increasing yield of ethylene and propylene.

The pore structure of alumina support is very important to the performance of first-stage hydrogenation catalyst for pyrolytic gasoline.The pore structure of the carrier was adjusting by optimizing the ratio of raw powder,calcination temperature of the carrier and concentration of citric acid to obtain carrier with large specific surface area,pore volume and pore diameter.Compared with the non-optimized carrier,the pore volume and pore diameter of the optimized carrier increased by 24% and 40%.Under the conditions of reactor inlet temperature 50 ℃,reaction pressure 2.6 MPa and volume space velocity 3.0 h^-1,the catalysts prepared by the optimized carrier were used to evaluate the hydrogenation of pyrolysis gasoline.The results showed that the stability of the catalyst was better than the reference catalyst,and the diene value was below 1.5 gI₂·(100g oil)^-1.

Aseries of TiO₂ with rod,spherical and flower morphologies weresynthesized successfully.The as-prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD、SEM、UV-VIS.Methylene blue(ME) was used as the aimed degradation material to observe the performance of photocatalysis under ultraviolet and visible light.The mechanism of the effect of morphology and structure of TiO₂ on photocatalytic performance was analyzed.The results showed:photocatalytic effect of Flower-like(P25) was the best.The high energy facets and theoretic of morphology have an important influence on the photocatalytic of TiO₂.

The design principle and control points of automation for spray roasting waste water transportation of catalytic cracking catalyst are introduced.The results showed that the automatic running of waste water pump coulg completely solve sewage overflow,effectively improve running cycle of the pump,reduce the labor intensity,improve the smooth running of the device.It is also of great significance for reducing cost and increasing efficiency,as well as environment protecting.

A hydrogenation dearsenic catalyst for FCC heavy gasoline,composed of large pore γ-Al₂O₃ carrier and bimetallic active component,was synthesized.The physical and chemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by XRD and automatic specific surface area and porosity analyzer.The activity of arsenic removal,the adaptability of feed and the influence of reaction temperature and space velocity on catalyst performance were investigated.The results showed that the catalysts exhibited high dearsenic activity(≮85%)and selectivity(≮95%)with little olefin saturation.Increasing the reaction temperature and reducing the space velocity improved the dearsenic activity of the catalysts,and the olefin saturation activity was basically unaffected.

The scale-up preparation and industrial application of BOC-1 catalyst for catalytic cracking of C₄ alkenes to propylene were investigated,and the results of laboratory test and industrial application evaluation of the catalyst prepared by enlarged scale-up were introduced in detail.The BOC-1 catalyst had good performance in operation and regeneration in the industrial plant.The single-pass yield of propylene was 28.5%,the conversion of C₄ alkenes was 82.1%,and the regeneration period of the catalyst was 17 days.The catalytic performance of BOC-1 catalyst was much better than the existing industrial catalyst in Luoyang Refinery Hongli Grace Chemical Co.,Ltd,,and the BOC-1 catalyst is suitable for further promotion and commercial application.A novel process flow for integrated utilization of C₄ alkenes resources consisting of olefin catalytic cracking unit,absorbing-stabilizing unit,gas separation unit,MTBE etherification unit and alkane separation unit was established and simulated by VMGSim process simulation software.It was showed that,the integrated utilization efficiency of C₄ alkenes and the yield of polypropylene could reach 99.3% and 35.19%,respectively,in the new process.

The C₂ front-end hydrogenation catalyst PEC-21 for front-end depropanization process which independently developed by Petrochina Petrochemical Research Institute had its first industrial test in DaQing Petrochemical Company's 270 kt·a^-1 plant.During the industrial test,the PEC-21 catalyst showed short start-up time and good start stability.During the 1 600 h long cycle operation time,the average acetylene conversion was 55.7%,the selectivity of ethylene was 94.8% and the selectivity of propylene was 97.8% over PEC-21 catalyst under reaction pressure of 3.5MPa and inlet temperature of 64.5 ℃ in first-stage reactor.The PEC-21 catalyst has excellent activity,selectivity and stability,and its overall operating performance has reached the international advanced level.

CS₂/NMP mixed solvent and strippant were used to separate Pingdingshan coal and Xuzhou coal into four groups:residue,asphaltene component,ultra-pure coal and light component.The true density,proximate analysis and ultimate analysis of raw coal and its group components were compared and analyzed.The result shows that the true density of residue are the highest,which are 1.59 and 1.45 respectively.The true density of asphaltene component and ultra-pure coal are lower than raw coal.Light components have many non-covalent bonding points,which are easy to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.The moisture contents of light component are the highest,which are 6.09% and 5.77% respectively,while the moisture contents of residue components are the lowest, which are 0.96% and 0.63% respectively.Asphaltene components are close to ashless.The content of volatile decreases in the order of light component>asphaltene component>ultra-pure coal>raw coal>residue.The contents of C element are relatively high in ultra-pure coal and asphaltene component,and lower in residue, which are 80.91% and 80.65% respectively.The content of N,O and S element in light component is higher and C element is lowest.

Adsorption isothermal curves of CH₄,CO and CO₂ on 5A zeolite were measured by volumetric method.The effect of adsorption temperature and adsorption pressure on adsorption capacity was discussed.The experimental results showed that the adsorption capacity of CH₄,CO and CO₂ increased as the experimental pressure increased.When the adsorption temperature was 30 ℃,50 ℃ and 70 ℃,the largest adsorption capacity of CH₄ on 5A zeolite was 13.60 cm³·g^-1 at 30 ℃;the largest adsorption capacities of CO and CO₂ were all at 50 ℃,which were 17.68 cm³·g^-1 and 94.38 cm³·g^-1,respectively.The adsorption capacities of the three gases were reduced at 70 ℃.

Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ is one of core-shell nanocomposites which is widely studied and applied.To expand its scope of application,the surface of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ is chemically modified by a great diversity of methods such as chemical bonding,impregnation and precipitation to prepare functionalized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂.In this paper,the latest research progress on applications of functionalized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ in drug release,adsorbent,catalyst and sensor has also been summarized.

Novel photocatalytic material can be prepared by doping,recombination and photosensing of traditional semiconductor catalyst such as TiO₂ to broaden the light absorption range of the catalyst and achieve near-infrared light absorption.This paper reviewed the modification strategy of near-infrared photocatalytic materials,introduced the research status and progress of ion doping conversion,carbon quantum dots and mesoporous interface assembly,and the application prospect of near-infrared photocatalytic materials.

With the strict requirements on significant olefin reduction of the national VI gasoline and the limitation to the content of organic oxygen containing compounds in ethanol gasoline,this paper introduced the application developments of FCC gasoline olefin reduction post-processing technology processes,including MTBE production,alkylation,etherification and isomerization/aromatization processes in the order of carbon number C₄,C₅-C₆ and C₅-C₈ from the perspective of molecular refining,respectively.Moreover,the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies and application limitations were also analyzed.Among them,because of the promotion of ethanol gasoline,MTBE production technology and light gasoline etherification technology will be faced with stop production and the challenge of transformation.Alkylation and isomerization/aromatization technologies which produce high-octane gasoline component are potential FCC gasoline olefin reduction technologies,and they will be vigorously developed in the future.What’s more,the commonly used industrial catalysts of which modification study,development direction and existing problems were summarized and discussed.Suggestions and prospects such as gasoline component ratio optimization and MTBE plant revamping were put forward for the technical route selection of FCC gasoline olefin reduction in future work.

Platinum-based catalysts are used widely in the fields of petrochemical processing,environmental protection,fine chemical industry,and so on because of theirs good catalytic activity.The catalytic activity,selectivity and lifetime of platinum catalysts are affected directly by platinum content.As a result,accurate determination of the platinum content is especially important.In recent years,detection methods of platinum develops along with detection technology advancement and detection equipment updating.Methods including chemical method and instrumental method for the determination of platinum in platinum catalysts of different types and varied contents are reviewed in the present paper.The development of detecting technology for platinum is prospected.

A Pd/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst and a Pd-Ce/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst were prepared by equal volume impregnation method,the effect of Ce doping on the catalytic oxidation of toluene was investigated,and the optimum loading of the active component Pt was discussed.The results showed that the Pt/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst had the highest catalytic activity when the loading mass fraction of Pt was 0.5%.When the loading mass fraction of Pt was 0.2% and the loading mass fraction of Ce was 1.0%,Pt-Ce/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst had the highest catalytic activity.The conversion of toluene over Pt-Ce/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst was higher than that of Pt/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst.The pore volume and pore diameter increased with the increasing of the Pt loading.The catalytic performance of powder catalysts was better than that of monolithic catalysts,but the difference was not significant.The addition of Ce contributed to the improvement of the catalytic activity.

Zinc ferrite catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation method,and the modification of zinc ferrite catalysts with Mg,B,Zr,Ce and La,and the effect of these elements on the structure and catalytic performance of zinc ferrite catalysts were investigated,respectively.The lanthanum modified ferrite catalysts with a higher catalytic activity for the oxidative dehydrogenation of butene to butadiene were studied by XRD,TEM and N₂ adsorption-desorption to screen optimal metal composition of catalyst,and clarify the morphology and function of lanthanum in the catalysts.La-modified zinc ferrite catalyst possessed a large specific surface area with a crystal size of (20-50) nm.It had been found that the active components of the La-modified ferrite catalysts were α-Fe₂O₃ and ZnFe₂O₄.The activity of catalyst increased with increasing Fe content.The La-modified catalyst with n(Fe):n (Zn):n (La)=4:1:1 possessed the highest activity with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 2.1×10^-3 mol_butene·mol_surface-Fe·s^-1 at 380 ℃。

CoO_x/SiO₂,CoO_x/Al₂O₃ and CoO_x/modified kaolin catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and characterized by XRD and SEM.The catalyst activity was evaluated in epoxidation of styrene,and the effect of oxygen pressure on catalysts activity was investigated.The results showed that CoO_x/modified kaolin catalyst had highest activity and good stability.When oxygen pressure was (0.1-2.0) MPa,styrene conversion increased and selectivity of styrene oxide firstly increased and then decreased as the increasing of oxygen pressure over CoO_x/modified kaolin and CoO_x/Al₂O₃ catalysts;styrene conversion increased and selectivity of styrene oxide decreased over CoO_x/SiO₂ catalyst.Appropriate increase of oxygen pressure promoted the formation of styrene oxide,but too high oxygen pressure led to the production of by-products,and 1.0 MPa of oxygen pressure was better.When oxygen was supplied to the reaction system every 30 min to the initial pressure,conversion of styrene increased,and selectivity of styrene oxide decreased slightly.As the times of charging increases,conversion of styrene increased and selectivity of styrene oxide decreased.

Using ZSM-35 zeolite with high silica-aluminium ratio as raw material,the catalysts with different shapes of cylinder and clover and diameter of 1.5 mm,3.5 mm were prepared by extrusion method.The catalysts were characterized by particle strength tester,NH₃-TPD and O₂-TPO.The results showed that the amount of strong acid and weak acid decreased with the increase of diameter.Under the same diameter,the clover catalyst had the strongest mechanical strength,relatively small bulk density,high water absorption,strong acidity of fresh catalyst and catalyst after 45 h of reaction,strong carbon deposition resistance.Then,the skeleton isomerization performance of catalysts with different shapes was studied using C5 fraction of industrial ether as raw material.The results showed that the initial conversion of cylindrical catalyst was higher,but the deactivation rate of catalyst was faster.After entering the stable stage,the clover catalyst showed high stability,and the average conversion was 5% higher than that of the cylindrical catalyst.