Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is not only the main greenhouse gas,but one of the most important carbon source in the world as the used form of carbon-based energy.Therefore,as an anthropogenic chemical carbon cycle,converting CO₂ into energy products will be of great significance for environment and energy.CO₂ emission,recovery and resource utilization were reviewed,as well as development of CO₂ methanation in terms of catalyst system, reaction mechanisms,synthesis process,industrial status.In addition,the development,route and economy of the Power-to-Gas(PtG) technology were introduced and analyzed considering the restrictions of H₂ supply in the industrial application of CO₂ methanation.And the PtG technology will become more mature with the development of CO₂ capture and CO₂ methanation technics.Thus,it is proposed that PtG technology will become as a very important form of future CO₂ utilization.

Methanol to olefins process has recently been a hot research topic in modern coal chemical industry.However,reaction mechanism and kinetic behavior differ greatly in case of different catalysts.Methanol-to-Olefins (MTO) over SAPO-34 catalyst is a direct conversion process following hydrocarbon pool mechanism,with methanol mainly transforming to ethylene and propylene rapidly through parallel reaction steps.On the contrary,Methanol-to-Propene(MTP) over ZSM-5 catalyst is a complex interconversion process and the propene comes mainly from methylation and cracking processes via the alkene cycle of dual-cycle mechanism.Hence,suitable reactors and different operating conditions must be chosen for commercial MTO or MTP processes.Ethene and propene can be produced over easily deactivated SAPO-34 catalyst in the commercial MTO process by one step in fluidized bed reactor,whereas fixed bed reactor is generally applied in the commercial MTP process over ZSM-5 catalyst with better anti-coking capability,and olefins should be separated and recycled for the maximum production of propene.In order to give a comprehensive understanding of methanol transformation over the SAPO-34 and ZSM-5 catalysts,advance in typical commercial reaction processes,mechanism and kinetics research of methanol to olefins (MTO/MTP) process would be reviewed in this paper.According to the existing problems and challenges,the prospective tendencies of methanol to olefins process are also proposed.

Zeolite catalysts have promising application prospects forisobutane/butene alkylation,but deactivate fast and have to frequently regenerate.Researches about zeolite catalysts forisobutane/butene alkylation have been summarized systematically.Butene oligomers covering active sites or plugging poresis considered to be the direct reason for catalysts deactivation.The influence of zeolite properties and alkylation reaction conditions on catalysts deactivation is discussed.It is pointed out that zeolite catalysts which provide appropriate strength and quantity of Brønsted acid,tend to oligomer desorptionand diffusion are the research trends in the future.

BiFeO₃ was prepared by hydrothermal method,and then,AgCl/BiFeO₃ composites with visible light photocatalytic activity was synthesized by photoreduction deposition of AgCl onto BiFeO₃.The phase,surface structure and light response was characterized by the XRD,SEM,and DRS UV-Vis.Due to the deposition of AgCl,surface structure of BiFeO₃ was improved,and the recombination of photogenerated electron/hole pair was effectively suppressed.Furthermore,the structure broadened the response range of visible light.The photocatalytic performance was investigated by degradation of simulated dye wastewater.The results showed that the degradation conversion to methylene blue on AgCl/BiFeO₃ with Ag:Bi =1:2 was 92.5% in 210 min,higher than that of AgCl and BiFeO₃.AgCl/BiFeO₃ had good photocatalytic stability,and the degradation rate could reach more than 80% after recycling 5 times.

The modified Fe/beta zeolite was prepared by liquid ion exchange method of H-beta.The Fe/beta was used in the catalytic decomposition of N₂O,in which the effect of the system pH after adding HNO₃ was studied.The structure and properties of the Fe/beta were characterized by N₂-physical adsorption-desorption,XRD,IR,DR UV-Vis,NH₃-TPD and ICP-OES.The results showed that the crystallinity,specific surface area,pore volume and Fe³⁺ content of the catalysts increased first and then decreased during the process of solution pH reduced. The temperature of complete decomposition of Fe/beta zeolite prepared at the pH of 2.0 whose better catalytic activity was better was obviously lower than that of the catalysts prepared at the pH of 2.6 and 1.0.

A simple electrochemical deposition process is developed herein to prepare Fe₂O₃ films,Ni(OH)₂ layer is then electrochemically deposited to promote the photoactivity of the Fe₂O₃ film.In this work,the preparative parameters are optimized.Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and powder X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) are used to characterize the film structure.Cyclic voltammerty (CV) and chronoamperametry (i-t) techniques are applied to measure the OER overpotential and photocurrent density.The outcome of this work indicates that Ni(OH)₂ loading can effectively enhance the separation of photogenerated electron and hole pairs which is responsible for the remarkable improvement of the photoactivity.

Alkylation performance of benzene with methanol on 2.5%MgO/ZSM-5 catalyst modified by transition metal was investigated.The results showed that benzene conversion increased to 56.6% and 55.8% respectively on catalysts modified by Ni and Fe,due to significant increase of weak acid content after modification.The catalysts had a higher selectivity to xylene about 35% when W,Mn were loaded.For Co,Mo modified catalysts,alkylation reaction activity and selectivity to xylene were not significantly superior to other modified catalysts.Long-term operation experiment was carried out over preferred bimetal catalysts for benzene-methanol alkylation under high liquid hourly space velocity(15 h^-1).It was showed that the initial catalytic activity was over 57%,benzene conversion was approximately 50% at 20 h,then the alkylation activity decreased rapidly because of coke deposition.

Blending coking gasoline is one of the important ways to expand the feedstock of reformer.According to characteristics of coking gasoline,Mg-Al hydrotalcite was used to modifyalumina carrierto increase surface area and pore volume,so as to improve hydrogenation activity,and to decreaseacid contentof alumina carrier,so as to reducecoking tendency of unsaturated hydrocarbon.Citric acid was added as dispersant into dipping solution to improve dispersion of met al component.PH value was adjusted to 1.5 by adding nitric acid to promote metal component in the impregnating solution to combine with carrier to improve its dispersion. Metal cost of the catalyst was lower than reference agent.Catalyst activity under conditions of low reaction temperature (280 ℃),low hydrogen/oil ratio (100) and low pressure (2.5 MPa) was better than reference agent.Through stability test of 1 000 h,the self-made catalyst still had high stability and activity,and the products could meet industrial requirements.

Ni-Mg-Al catalysts were prepared by different precipitation methods:normal-precipation,reverse-precipitation and parallel-flow-precipitaion.The catalysts were characterized by N₂-physisorption,XRD,H₂-Chemsorption and H₂-TPR and tested in syngas methanation.The results showed that catalysts prepared by parallel-flow-precipitation showed excellent low temperature activity and high temperature stability because of higher degree of crystallinity,more stable nickel grains,uniform pore distribution and appropriate interaction between active components and carries.

Isomerization catalyst used in PX equipment of Jin Ling Corporation was replaced with OparisPlus in July 2011. This article discusses the key factors that affect the stable operation of Isomerization catalyst OparisPlus,including the raw materials component,process parameters,and the effects of accidents. Besides,this article explains these protective measures that can be taken to guarantee a long-term and stable operation of the isomerization catalyst OparisPlus through analyzing the main factors.

According to pipeline blockage and corrosion caused by chlorine in process of plastic oil hydrotreating,hydrodechlorination catalyst was developed.Effects of active components,carriers and additives on organic chlorine removal of the plastic oil,and effects of reaction temperature and pressure on catalytic performance ware studied.240 h life experiment showed that zeolite M catalyst modified by Ni and X had good hydrogenation dechlorination activity and stability.

W₁₈O₄₉ catalysts were synthesized by solvo thermal method inorganic mixed solvent characterized by X-ray diffraction,N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms analysis,UV-visiblediffusereflectance spectra,thermogravimetric analysis techniques.The W₁₈O₄₉ catalysts show excellent photo catalytic activity in the photodegradation of MB under visible light,the degradation efficiency of MB reaches 95.9% within 180 min of irradiation at room temperature.

Catalytic wet air oxidation was employed to treat cephalexin wastewater,and the effects of reaction temperature,pH and Cl^- content were investigated.Liquid samples and catalysts were characterized by HPLC,TOC/TN,GC-MS,N₂-Physisorption and XRF.Orthogonal experimentalresults showed that the optimal reaction conditions were:reaction temperature was 260 ℃,Cl^- content was 1500 mg·L^-1 and pH was 4.8.RCT catalyst exhibited high TOC/TN removal(over 90%),high stability and low active met al loss during 300 h reaction test. And the main organic residues after CWAO werebiodegradable.

Ethanol is an important basic chemical product.With the large-scale development of bioethanol and coal-to-ethanol,the problem of excess ethanol has become more and more serious.Therefore,it is significant to convert ethanol to high value-added chemicals.In particular,catalytic oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde and acetic acid,catalytic dehydrogenation-condensation of ethanol to acetal,catalytic dehydrogenation-esterification of ethanol in one spot to produce ethyl acetate can not only digest the increasing ethanol production capacity,but also improve the added value of ethanol.It also extends the industrial chain of ethanol and brings great social and economic benefits.In this paper,research progress about catalyst system,reaction process and reaction mechanism for catalytic oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde and acetic acid,catalytic hydrogenation-condensation of ethanol to acetal,catalytic dehydrogenation-esterification of ethanol to ethyl acetate have been summarized and reviewed.Finally,the research and development trends are prospected.

Research progress of Pt-based catalysts in the catalytic dehydrogenation of isobutane is systematically summarized.It is believed that the nature of the active sites,supports,and promoters have great influence on dehydrogenation of isobutene.Carbon deposition and sintering of the active sites in the catalyst are responsible for deactivation.In addition,acidity of support affects the formation rate of carbon deposits.Interaction between the active sites and promoters is beneficial for the migration of carbon deposits from the active sites to support surface,and the interaction between active sites and supports could reduce the sintering of active sites.

With using heavier and inferior quality of crude oil,catalytic cracking catalyst matrix not only ensures good attrition resistance and fluidization performance,but also needs proper pore and certain acidity to pre-crack the large molecule in raw oil.The kaolin clay in semi synthetic FCC catalyst has an important effect on performance of catalyst.Kaolin can be used as catalyst matrix directly or modified by acid or alkali,it also can be used to synthesize zeolites or catalysts containing zeolite Y by in-situ crystallization technique.Interlayered clay molecular sieve can be synthesized by cross-linking reaction of rectorite for catalytic cracking catalysts preparation.Because of its tubular structure,catalysts synthesized of halloysite have characteristics of large pore volume,large specific surface area and high activity.The clay structure,modification methods and application in catalytic cracking of kaolin clay in FCC catalysts are reviewed and the future research direction of kaolin clay in FCC catalyst is prospected.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contain large amounts of aromatic hydrocarbons,which are difficult to convert directly due to the conjugated effect of benzene rings.In recent years,the content of aromatics in crude oil has been increasing year by year.How to crack polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on an industrial scale has attracted much more attention.The mechanism of hydrocracking and catalytic cracking of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been summarized and compared.By introducing the progress of corresponding catalysts,new ideas might be developed for the catalytic cracking of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

The existing catalytic cracking for light carbon olefins was based on wax oil or normal pressure residue as raw material.More heavy crude oil greatly restricted development and application of this technology.Because of special pore structure and wide adjustable silicon and aluminum ratio,shape selective molecular sieves possessing excellent catalytic properties had been widely used.In order to increase selectivity and yield of the light olefin,modification of selective molecular sieves was studied.By adjusting number and intensity of zeolites acid site,catalytic activity could be improved.Various types of zeolites,including ZSM-5,Beta,SAPO-34 and MCM-22,were introduced in this paper.The main modification methods of zeolites were reviewed,including acid-base modification,metal and non-metal modification.The progress on properties after modification,including pore structure optimization,hydrothermal stability retention and cracking capacity enhancement were discussed.

Carbon deposited on traditional SOFC anode with Ni-based cermetmaterial when natural gas and other hydrocarbons were used as fuel.The carbon deposition mechanism of SOFC anode materials using hydrocarbon as fuel was discussed.Influences of reaction temperature,water vapor and other factors on carbon deposition were studied.Property optimization of Ni-based cermetmaterial and elimination of carbon deposition were introduced.The future of other SOFC anode materials was discussed.

Pd-loaded bifunctional catalysts with γ-Al₂O₃,ZrO₂,bentonite,MIL-53(Al)and MIL-53(Fe) as supports were prepared by impregnation method and characterized by XRD,BET and NH₃-TPD techniques.Catalytic performance of the catalyst in one-step conversion of liquid phase methanol to methyl formate and the effect of reaction conditions on performance of the catalyst were evaluated in a micro-high-pressure reactor.The results showed that characteristic peaks of Pd were not observed in all XRD patterns of the catalysts,which might be due to high dispersion state of Pd on catalyst surface.Catalysts with different supports had large differences in specific surface area,acid strength and acid amount.Acid strength and acid amount of catalysts had a great influence on methanol conversion and product selectivity.2%Pd/Bentonite,2%Pd/MIL-53(Al) and 2%Pd/MIL-53(Fe)catalysts with more medium and strong acid sites had higher methanol conversion and methyl formate selectivity than 2%Pd/γ-Al₂O₃ and 2%Pd/ZrO₂ catalysts with less strong acid sites.Conversion of methanol was 56.08% and selectivity of methyl formate was 55.85% over 2%Pd/Bentonite catalyst under the conditions of amount of palladium per mole of methanol was 0.030 mmol,reaction temperature was 150 ℃,reaction pressure was 2 MPa,and reaction time was 5 h.

A series of MnO₂ catalysts were prepared by simple hydrothermal method by changing manganese sources,hydrothermal temperatures and pH values.The physicochemical properties of MnO₂ catalyst were characterized by means of SEM,XRD,N₂ adsorption-desorption,H₂-TPR and so on.The catalytic performance of MnO₂ catalysts for soot combustion was investigated.Results indicated that all nanorod-shaped MnO₂ catalysts had excellent catalytic activity for soot particles combustion.When hydrothermal temperature was 120 ℃,manganese source was manganese nitrate and reaction system was acidic conditions,MnO₂ catalyst exhibited the best catalytic performance for soot particles combustion among the as-prepared catalysts.

Cerium-aluminum composite carrier was enlarging synthesized by co-precipitation and used for Mo catalyst.Results showed that carbon monoxide conversion decreased slightly and the amplification effect was not significant.Acid strength of small scale sample was slightly higher than large scale sample according to characterization,which illustrates that Al unsaturated coordination bond is more in small scale smaple,more favorable for loading of active component and CO adsorption.In addition,compared with small scale catalyst,particle size of MoO₃ in scale-up catalyst slightly increased.This resulted in reaction activity of catalyst decreasing slightly after amplification.

The K-modified and Mo-doped SBA-16 catalysts,denoted as xK-Mo-SBA-16,were prepared by ultrasound-assisted incipient wetness impregnation method.Catalytic performance of those catalysts for selective oxidation of ethane were evaluated.The physicochemical properties of all the prepared samples were characterized by means of XRD,TEM,N₂ adsorption-desorption,UV-Vis,UV-Raman and FT-IR.Influences of reaction temperature and K loading on catalytic performance were investigated.The experiment results demonstrated that selectivity of aldehydes in products were improved due to the addition of K element.Acetaldehyde selectivity was 17.1% and overall aldehydes (including acetaldehyde and acrolein) yield achieved 7.4% at 550 ℃ over 0.1K/5.0Mo-SBA-16 catalyst when V(C₂H₆)∶V(O₂)=3∶1.Structure and dispersion of active component were changed because of K addition.Isolated MoO₄ species were transformed to oligomeric twisted MoO_x tetrahedra and K₂Mo₂O₇ phase was formed.

Ni₂P/Al₂O₃-SAPO-11 catalysts of high dispersion were successfully prepared by in situ phosphorization method with triphenylphosphine as phosphating agent and characterized by low temperature N₂ adsorption-desorption,XRD,HRTEM,XPS,TPR NH₃-TPD and Py-IR for identification of crystalline structure,morphology and acid property.Effects of SAPO-11molecular sieve contents and reaction conditions on hydroisomerization of n-tetradecane were evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor.It was found that the catalyst with the SAPO-11molecular sieve content of 40% showed the highest hydroisomerization activity and selectivity.Under the preferred conditions of reaction temperature of 360 ℃,reaction pressure of 2 MPa,LHSV of 1.5 h^-1and H₂/n-tetradecane volumetric ratio of 300,conversion of n-tetradecane was 78.1%,and isomerization selectivity reached 89.2%.

Effects of surface reconstruction of NiO(111) facet on cleavage of C—H bond in ethane were investigated by density functional theory(DFT) and Hubbard U value correction methods.Surface reconstruction and ethane C—H bond activation were analyzed by electron localization function(ELF),density of states(DOS),transition state structure,and Bader charge.The results showed that the reconstructed surface was more stable than the ideal surface and the activation of C—H bond on the reconstructed surface was more difficult.

Graphite powder was used as raw material to prepare graphene oxide by improved Hummer method,and α-amylase was immobilized by deposition method and the immobilization conditions were optimized.The carboxylated graphene oxide was prepared by NaOH-CH₂ClCOOH and HNO₃-H₂SO₄,respectively,and used for immobilizing of α-amylase.Results showed that the optimum temperature for immobilization of the enzyme was 65 ℃ and the optimum pH was 7.0.After 9 consecutive using,activity for enzyme immobilization remained 47.81% of the initial activity.It was found that NaOH-CH₂ClCOOH was more conducive for preparation of carboxylated graphene oxide.Yield of carboxylated graphene oxide prepared by NaOH-CH₂ClCOOH was 1.2 times than by HNO₃-H₂SO₄.

The thin-layered carbon nitrides (H-g-CN) were successfully synthesized by calcination of carbon nitride (g-CN) in Ar/H₂O atmosphere,and they were characterized by means of XRD,TEM,FT-IR,BET and UV-Vis DRS. It was found that,compared with g-CN,the specific surface area of H-g-CN obviously increased after calcination. The activity for CO2photoreduction of H-g-CN was much higher than that of g-CN. After 9h light irradiation,the photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ activity of thin-layered carbon nitride (g-CN) was promoted to 24.6 μmol·g-1from 11.4 μmol·g^-1 of carbon nitride (g-CN),in that case,the CO selectivity of H-g-CN was 91.2%,and the CO selectivity of carbon nitride before calcination was 89.1%. Moreover,the reaction mechanism was proposed.

Zn-HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts containing skeleton heteroatom Zn were synthesized by in-situ hydrothermal crystallization method.Structure and physic-chemical properties of the catalyst were characterized by XRD,BET and NH₃-TPD.The catalytic activity and intrinsic reaction kinetics for methanol to gasoline of Zn-HZSM-5 zeolite were measured in micro fixed bed reactor.Results showed that amount of weak acid beneficial for gasoline selectivity increased when heteroatom Zn was modified into ZSM-5 zeolite skeleton.Using the three-lumped kinetic model of methanol to gasoline established by Chen and Reagan,the reaction rate constants werek₁=1.154×10¹²exp (-97600/RT),k₂=0.687×10¹²exp (-105200/RT)andk₃=1.739×10⁷exp (-84700/RT) respectively based on experimental data regression by Runge-Kutta method and the least-squares method.Taking the target residual function (OF) parameter value as criterion of test,the correlation coefficients R² of simulated value and experimental value were higher than 0.993.Therefore,the methanol to gasoline three-lumped kinetic model established by Chen and Reagan could accurately describe the kinetics of methanol to gasoline reaction on Zn-HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts.

Ru-based catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation with γ-Al₂O₃ as carrier and tested in syngas to light olefins.Influences of calcination temperature,process conditions of ruthenium-based catalysts and alkali metal promoter Na on hydrogenation of CO over ruthenium-based catalysts were studied.The experimental results showed that Ru-based catalyst calcinated at 400 ℃ had the maximum specific surface are.CO conversion and low carbon olefin selectivity were high when reaction temperature was 220 ℃,reaction pressure was 1.0 MPa,and space velocity was 1 500 mL·(h·g)^-1.Na increased catalytic activity.When mass fraction of Na was 4%-6%,ruthenium-based catalyst showed the best CO conversion and low-carbon olefin selectivity.

In this study,methyl ricinoleate was firstly synthesized by transesterification of castor oil and methanol,and then methyl ricinoleate was pyrolyzed for synthesis of undecylenic acid.Effects of various factors on the synthesis and cracking of methyl ricinoleate were investigated to achieve optimal reaction conditions.It was concluded that the optimal conditions for synthesis of methyl ricinoleate were system vacuum of 0.095 MPa,reaction time of 4 h,mass of sodium methoxide catalyst of 3.00% of mass of castor oil,reaction temperature of 35 ℃,alcohol to oil molar ratio of 18∶1 and yield of ricinoleic acid methyl ester was 86.4%.Methyl ricinoleate was cracked at 550 ℃ as the optimal temperature,and yield of undecylenic acid was 44.15%.

Improvement of air pollution control raises higher requirements for dust-removal efficiency of electrostatic precipitators(ESP).Designing ESP with numerical simulation is beneficial to structure optimization and performance improvement,while the accuracy of simulation results depends largely on charging models selected in the simulation process.A numerical model was developed for the description of physical process in two-stage ESP,including fluid flow,corona discharge and particle dynamics.Particle tracks in charging part and dust-removal part were calculated and analyzed with two charging models.With the comparison of simulated and experimental values of 0.4 μm and 7.5 μm particle removal efficiency,it was found that the gap between simulated values caused by charging model increased with decreasing particle size.Constant charging model is suitable for particles whose field charging is dominant.While its neglection of diffusion charging makes the simulated particle-removal efficiency of fine particles far more less than the measured value.The model assuming both field charging and diffusion charging are functions of time reflects charge characteristics of fine particles well and suits for the simulation process of fine particles.

The coking wastewater was treated by modified active semi-coke adsorption-Fe/C micro-electrolysis-Fenton technology.Effects of process parameters on COD removal of coking wastewater were explored.Results showed that:(1) the optimal operating conditions for Fe/C micro-electrolysis treatment of coking wastewater were pH=3,m(Fe):m(C)=2.0∶1,Fe/C dosage of 30 g·L^-1,reaction time of 60 min,reaction temperature of 35 ℃;(2) the optimum operation conditions for the coking wastewater treatment with Fe/C micro-electrolysis-Fenton oxidation were 25 mL·L^-1 of H₂O₂,pH=3,m(Fe):m(C)=2.0∶1,Fe/C dosage 30 g·L^-1,reaction time 8 h.Under optimal reaction conditions,COD degradation of the coking wastewater reached 85.23%,and COD decreased from 199.27 mg·L^-1 to 29.43 mg·L^-1.Kinetic studies showed that kinetic equations could well fit the Fe/C microelectrolysis degradation process.

The polymerization of soap-free emulsion with core-shell structure is a new polymerization technology on the basis of conventional emulsion.It has the advantages of both soap-free emulsion polymerization and core-shell emulsion polymerization.Moreover,it has been widely applied and well develoed.In this paper,polymerization method,mechanism and application have been introduced about the research advances of soap-free emulsion with core-shell structure at domestic and overseas.In addition,problems and future research trends of soap-free emulsion with core-shell structure have been prospected.

Based on systematic analysis of catalytic reaction characteristics of methanol to aromatic hydrocarbons,reasons for the deactivation of long-term catalyst performance and corresponding solutions are reviewed.Catalyst deactivation is the result of multiple factors including renewable deactivation caused by carbon deposition,partly renewable deactivation caused by Al loss from molecular sieves framework,and non-renewable deactivation caused by active metal aggregation/reduction and impurities poison.Catalyst deactivation caused by carbon deposition could be mitigated by modifying strength of Bronsted acid of ZSM-5,synthesizing small-grain ZSM-5 molecular sieves and pretreating ZSM-5 molecular sieves with Alkali liquid.Catalyst deactivation caused by Al loss from molecular sieves framework can be reduced by phosphorus modification.Catalyst deactivation caused by active metal migration can be solved by introducing stable additives or reducing aluminum content during catalyst production.And catalyst deactivation caused by impurity poisoning needs to be avoided by purifying raw materials and reaction systems.

Main technologies of producing ethylene,such as,steam cracking,naphtha deep catalytic cracking,heavy oil deep catalytic cracking,separating of refinery dry gas,C₄ deep catalytic cracking,methanol to olefins,ethanol to olefins,methane to ethylene,syngas to ethylene,biology technology and so on were summarized.Especially,technology characteristics,reaction mechanism,catalysts and typical technologies were compared.According to the comparison,coal based technologies were more developed than the oil based because difference of feed stock.By taking advantage of the coal based technologies, the oil based technologies would become more important and applicable.

Sulfur-resistant methanation is an unconventional path for methanation,which has not yet been applied in coal-to-gas field maturely.This paper introduces the research status of molybdenum-based catalyst ued for sulfur resistant methanation.Influences of active component Mo,carrier and auxiliary are summarize.Finally the paper is looking forward to the future of sulfur-resistant methane technology.

B-doped TiO₂ photocatalyst supported on activated semi-coke,namely B-TiO₂/ASC,was prepared by ultrasonic-assisted sol-gel method.Under the same experimental conditions,photocatalytic activities for NO removal was studied under UV and visible light irradiation, respectively.The results showed that under UV and visible light irradiation,activity of B-doped catalysts was improved,activity under visible light irradiation increased more significantly, and NO removal efficiency could still maintained over 80% after 180 min reaction.X-ray diffraction and FT-IR spectra results indicated that B got into TiO₂ lattice by substitution doping and caused TiO₂ surface defects.Surface defects contributed to the separation of photogenerated carriers,thereby prolonged the lifetime of photo-generated electrons and increased the number of photo-generated electrons involved in photocatalytic reactions,generated more hydroxyl radicals to oxidize NO,and ultimately increased photocatalytic denitration efficiency.

LaCoO₃ composite oxides were modified by low temperature plasma.The physicochemical properties of the catalyst surface were characterized by means of XRD,H₂-TPR,O₂-TPD,FT-IR to analyze effect of plasma on surface character of the catalyst.Catalytic activities of the catalyst for oxidation of simulated diesel soot were evaluated by temperature-programmed oxidation reaction.The experimental results showed that plasma modification promoted activation of lattice oxygen on the surface of the catalyst,increased the number of reactive oxygen species,and enhanced the catalytic oxidation activity of the catalyst for soot removal.The ignition temperature T_i decreased from 278 ℃ to 274 ℃,the peak temperature T_m reduced from 354 ℃ to 345 ℃ and the finishing combustion temperature T_f reduced from 425 ℃ to 386 ℃.

Fe-SAPO-44 zeolite was synthesized by ion exchange in N₂ atmosphere and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),N₂ adsorption-desorption,inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer(ICP-AES),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),NH₃ temperature programmed desorption(NH₃-TPD).Fe-SAPO-44 catalyst was tested in selectivity reduction of NO with NH₃(NH₃-SCR) to study its hydrothemal aging resistance.The results showed that Fe-SAPO-44 had good NH₃-SCR activity and resistance to hydrothemal aging.

Reaction mechanism for formaldehyde oxidation on Pd(111) and Pd(100) facets is studied by density functional theory.Results show that Pd(100) crystal surface is more conducive to oxidation of formaldehyde molecules than Pd(111) crystal surface.It provides theoretical basis for further rational design of precious metal catalysts for the title reaction.